A 26-GHz transmitter front-end using double quadrature architecture

A 26-GHz transmitter front-end is designed using 65 nm CMOS technology. The double frequency conversion transmitter consists of an intermediate frequency(IF) mixer, an millimeter-wave(mm-wave) mixer, and a pre-power amplifier. A double quadrature architecture is employed to accomplish image rejection without using an image rejection filter for the first time in the mm-wave frequency band. The IF mixer cores are designed as harmonic rejection mixers to avoid using IF filters. The measured conversion gain is 26.85±0.65 dB, with LO₂ (IF LO) at 1–1.5 GHz and 26.9±0.6 dB with LO₁ (mm-wave LO) at 27–29 GHz. The measured output return loss is less than -10 dB at 25.7–27.2 GHz. The output 1-dB compression point and the saturation output power measured at 26 GHz are 10 dBm and 14.1 dBm, respectively. The output-referred third-order intercept point (OIP3) measured at 26 GHz is 15.76 dBm. The third-order distortion, suppressed by the harmonic rejection mixer, is -60.5 dBc at an output power of 10 dBm. The error vector magnitude measured for OFDM 16-QAM with a 110-MHz signal bandwidth is -17.7 dB at an average output power of 3.5 dBm. The total power consumption of the proposed 26-GHz transmitter front-end is 267 mW, and it occupies a chip area of 2.31