@inproceedings{9a4113c193a248819c1e28cfcde31997,
title = "A brief survey of sensing for metal-based powder bed fusion additive manufacturing",
abstract = "Purpose - Powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (PBFAM) of metal components has attracted much attention, but the inability to quickly and easily ensure quality has limited its industrial use. Since the technology is currently being investigated for critical engineered components and is largely considered unsuitable for high volume production, traditional statistical quality control methods cannot be readily applied. An alternative strategy for quality control is to monitor the build in real time with a variety of sensing methods and, when possible, to correct any defects as they occur. This article reviews the cause of common defects in powder bed additive manufacturing, briefly surveys process monitoring strategies in the literature, and summarizes recently-developed strategies to monitor part quality during the build process. Design/methodology/approach - Factors that affect part quality in powder bed additive manufacturing are categorized as those influenced by machine variables and those affected by other build attributes. Within each category, multiple process monitoring methods are presented. Findings - A multitude of factors contribute to the overall quality of a part built using PBFAM. Rather than limiting processing to a pre-defined build recipe and assuming complete repeatability, part quality will be ensured by monitoring the process as it occurs and, when possible, altering the process conditions or build plan in real-time. Recent work shows promise in this area and brings us closer to the goal of wide-spread adoption of additive manufacturing technology. Originality/value - This work serves to introduce and define the possible sources of defects and errors in metal-based PBFAM, and surveys sensing and control methods which have recently been investigated to increase overall part quality. Emphasis has been placed on novel developments in the field and their contribution to the understanding of the additive manufacturing process.",
author = "Foster, {Bryant K.} and Reutzel, {Edward W.} and Nassar, {Abdalla R.} and Dickman, {Corey J.} and Hall, {Benjamin T.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Mr. Brandon Starr and Mr. Matthew Woods from the Pennsylvania State University. This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research, under Contract No. N00014-11-1-0668. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Office of Naval Research. This work was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory through America Makes under agreement number FA8650-12-2-7230. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 SPIE.; Dimensional Optical Metrology and Inspection for Practical Applications IV ; Conference date: 20-04-2015 Through 21-04-2015",
year = "2015",
doi = "10.1117/12.2180654",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",
publisher = "SPIE",
editor = "Song Zhang and Toru Yoshizawa and Harding, {Kevin G.}",
booktitle = "Dimensional Optical Metrology and Inspection for Practical Applications IV",
address = "United States",
}