A chemo-mechanical model of lithiation in silicon

Hui Yang, Feifei Fan, Wentao Liang, Xu Guo, Ting Zhu, Sulin Zhang

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

173 Scopus citations

Abstract

We present a chemo-mechanical model to investigate the lithiation-induced phase transformation, morphological evolution, stress generation and fracture in crystalline silicon nanowires (c-SiNWs). The model couples lithium (Li) diffusion with elasto-plastic deformation in a three-dimensional (3D) setting. Several key features observed from recent transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies are incorporated into the model, including the sharp interface between the lithiated amorphous shell and unlithiated crystalline core, crystallographic orientation dependent Li-Si reaction rate, and large-strain plasticity. Our simulation results demonstrate that the model faithfully predicts the anisotropic swelling of lithiated SiNWs observed from previous experimental studies. Stress analysis from the finite-deformation model reveals that the SiNWs are prone to surface fracture at the angular sites where two adjacent {110} facets intersect, consistent with previous experimental observations. The mechanistic understanding of the morphological evolution and stress generation sheds light on the design of failure-resistant nanostructured electrodes. Our model offers a framework for the study of the chemo-mechanical degradation in high-capacity electrode materials.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)349-361
Number of pages13
JournalJournal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids
Volume70
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 2014

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Mechanics of Materials
  • Mechanical Engineering

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