@article{fd2eed8a1e30479dae88c0c1716dfb7f,
title = "A closely packed system of low-mass, low-density planets transiting Kepler-11",
abstract = "When an extrasolar planet passes in front of (transits) its star, its radius can be measured from the decrease in starlight and its orbital period from the time between transits. Multiple planets transiting the same star reveal much more: period ratios determine stability and dynamics, mutual gravitational interactions reflect planet masses and orbital shapes, and the fraction of transiting planets observed as multiples has implications for the planarity of planetary systems. But few stars have more than one known transiting planet, and none has more than three. Here we report Kepler spacecraft observations of a single Sun-like star, which we call Kepler-11, that reveal six transiting planets, five with orbital periods between 10 and 47days and a sixth planet with a longer period. The five inner planets are among the smallest for which mass and size have both been measured, and these measurements imply substantial envelopes of light gases. The degree of coplanarity and proximity of the planetary orbits imply energy dissipation near the end of planet formation.",
author = "Lissauer, {Jack J.} and Fabrycky, {Daniel C.} and Ford, {Eric B.} and Borucki, {William J.} and Francois Fressin and Marcy, {Geoffrey W.} and Orosz, {Jerome A.} and Rowe, {Jason F.} and Guillermo Torres and Welsh, {William F.} and Batalha, {Natalie M.} and Bryson, {Stephen T.} and Buchhave, {Lars A.} and Caldwell, {Douglas A.} and Carter, {Joshua A.} and David Charbonneau and Christiansen, {Jessie L.} and Cochran, {William D.} and Desert, {Jean Michel} and Dunham, {Edward W.} and Fanelli, {Michael N.} and Fortney, {Jonathan J.} and Gautier, {Thomas N.} and Geary, {John C.} and Gilliland, {Ronald L.} and Haas, {Michael R.} and Hall, {Jennifer R.} and Holman, {Matthew J.} and Koch, {David G.} and Latham, {David W.} and Eric Lopez and Sean McCauliff and Neil Miller and Morehead, {Robert C.} and Quintana, {Elisa V.} and Darin Ragozzine and Dimitar Sasselov and Short, {Donald R.} and Steffen, {Jason H.}",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements Kepler was competitively selected as the tenth Discovery mission. Funding for this mission is provided by NASA{\textquoteright}s Science Mission Directorate. We thank the many people who gave so generously of their time to make the Kepler mission a success. A. Dobrovolskis, T. J. Lee and D. Queloz provided constructive comments on the manuscript. D.C.F. and J.A.C. acknowledge NASA support through Hubble Fellowship grants HF-51272.01-A and HF-51267.01-A, respectively, awarded by STScI, operated by AURA under contract NAS 5-26555.",
year = "2011",
month = feb,
day = "3",
doi = "10.1038/nature09760",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "470",
pages = "53--58",
journal = "Nature",
issn = "0028-0836",
publisher = "Nature Research",
number = "7332",
}