TY - JOUR
T1 - A Longitudinal Assessment of the Impact of Endometriosis on Patients’ Salary Growth and Risk of Leaving the Workforce
AU - Estes, Stephanie J.
AU - Soliman, Ahmed M.
AU - Yang, Hongbo
AU - Wang, Jessie
AU - Freimark, Jonathan
N1 - Funding Information:
Sponsorship for this study and the Rapid Service Fee were funded by AbbVie, Inc. All authors had full access to all of the data in this study and take complete responsibility for the integrity of the data and accuracy of the data analysis. This study was funded by AbbVie Inc. AbbVie sponsored the study; contributed to the design; participated in collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; and in writing, reviewing, and approval of the final version.
Funding Information:
Sponsorship for this study and the Rapid Service Fee were funded by AbbVie, Inc. All authors had full access to all of the data in this study and take complete responsibility for the integrity of the data and accuracy of the data analysis. This study was funded by AbbVie Inc. AbbVie sponsored the study; contributed to the design; participated in collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; and in writing, reviewing, and approval of the final version. Editorial assistance in the preparation of this article was provided by Shelley Batts, PhD, an employee of Analysis Group, Inc. Support for this assistance was provided by AbbVie, Inc. The authors would also like to thank Christopher Carley and Maya Mahin from Analysis Group, Inc. for analytical support. All named authors meet the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship for this article, take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole, and have given their approval for this version to be published. Hongbo Yang, Jessie Wang, and Jonathan Freimark are employees of Analysis Group, Inc., which has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Inc. Ahmed M. Soliman is an employee of AbbVie, Inc., and owns stock/options. Stephanie J. Estes is a paid consultant for AbbVie and has also provided research support to AbbVie, Obseva, and Ferring Pharmaceuticals. The data were de-identified and complied with the patient confidentiality requirements of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. As a result, no institutional review board approval was required. This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to data agreements with the claims database provider.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
PY - 2020/5/1
Y1 - 2020/5/1
N2 - Introduction: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the impact of endometriosis on the risks of work loss events and salary/growth over a 5-year period. Methods: Women aged 18–49 years with ≥ 1 endometriosis diagnosis were identified in a claims database and matched 1:1 to women without endometriosis (controls). The index date was the first endometriosis diagnosis date (endometriosis cohort) or a random date during the period of continuous eligibility (controls). Baseline characteristics were compared between cohorts descriptively. Average annual salaries were compared over the 5 years post-index using generalized estimating equations accounting for matching. Time-to-event analyses assessed risk of short-term disability, long-term disability, leave of absence, early retirement, and any event of leaving the workforce (Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank tests). Results: A total of 6851 matched pairs (mean age at index date: 38.7 years) were included in the salary growth analysis, with a subset of 1981 pairs in the risk of leaving the workforce analysis. In year 1, the endometriosis cohort had a lower average annual salary ($61,322) than controls ($64,720); salaries were lower in years 2–5 by $3697–$6600 (all p < 0.01). The endometriosis cohort experienced smaller salary growth than controls in all years, ranging from $438 vs. $1058 in year 1 to $4906 vs. $7074 in year 5 (all p < 0.05). In the Kaplan-Meier analyses, patients with endometriosis were significantly more likely than controls to leave the workforce for any reason, take a leave of absence, and use short-term disability (all log-rank tests p < 0.001). Additionally, the median number of years to each of these events was lower for the endometriosis cohort relative to the matched controls. Sensitivity analyses among patients with moderate-to-severe endometriosis and by salary brackets confirmed the primary analyses. Conclusions: Patients with endometriosis experienced lower annual salary and salary growth, as well as higher risks of work loss events, compared with matched controls.
AB - Introduction: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the impact of endometriosis on the risks of work loss events and salary/growth over a 5-year period. Methods: Women aged 18–49 years with ≥ 1 endometriosis diagnosis were identified in a claims database and matched 1:1 to women without endometriosis (controls). The index date was the first endometriosis diagnosis date (endometriosis cohort) or a random date during the period of continuous eligibility (controls). Baseline characteristics were compared between cohorts descriptively. Average annual salaries were compared over the 5 years post-index using generalized estimating equations accounting for matching. Time-to-event analyses assessed risk of short-term disability, long-term disability, leave of absence, early retirement, and any event of leaving the workforce (Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank tests). Results: A total of 6851 matched pairs (mean age at index date: 38.7 years) were included in the salary growth analysis, with a subset of 1981 pairs in the risk of leaving the workforce analysis. In year 1, the endometriosis cohort had a lower average annual salary ($61,322) than controls ($64,720); salaries were lower in years 2–5 by $3697–$6600 (all p < 0.01). The endometriosis cohort experienced smaller salary growth than controls in all years, ranging from $438 vs. $1058 in year 1 to $4906 vs. $7074 in year 5 (all p < 0.05). In the Kaplan-Meier analyses, patients with endometriosis were significantly more likely than controls to leave the workforce for any reason, take a leave of absence, and use short-term disability (all log-rank tests p < 0.001). Additionally, the median number of years to each of these events was lower for the endometriosis cohort relative to the matched controls. Sensitivity analyses among patients with moderate-to-severe endometriosis and by salary brackets confirmed the primary analyses. Conclusions: Patients with endometriosis experienced lower annual salary and salary growth, as well as higher risks of work loss events, compared with matched controls.
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U2 - 10.1007/s12325-020-01280-7
DO - 10.1007/s12325-020-01280-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 32198641
AN - SCOPUS:85084233336
SN - 0741-238X
VL - 37
SP - 2144
EP - 2158
JO - Advances in Therapy
JF - Advances in Therapy
IS - 5
ER -