A modeling study of the seasonal oxygen budget of the global ocean

An ecosystem model embedded in a global ocean general circulation model is used to quantify roles of biological and physical processes on seasonal oxygen variations. We find that the thermally induced seasonal net outgassing (SNO) of oxygen is overestimated by about 30% if gas phase equilibrium is assumed, and we find that seasonal variations in thermocline oxygen due to biology are approximated well using the oxygen anomaly. Outside the tropics and the north Indian Ocean, biological SNO is, on average, 56% of net community production (defined as net oxygen production above 76 m) during the outgassing period and 35% of annual net community production. In the same region the seasonal drawdown of the oxygen anomaly within the upper thermocline (76-500 m) is 76% of the remineralization during the drawdown and 48% of annual remineralization. Applying model-derived relationships to observed O₂ climatologies and using independent estimates for tropical and monsoonal systems, we estimate global net community production to be 14.9 ± 2.5 Pg C yr^-1.