TY - JOUR
T1 - A moderate-fat diet with one avocado per day increases plasma antioxidants and decreases the oxidation of small, dense LDL in adults with overweight and obesity
T2 - A randomized controlled trial
AU - Wang, Li
AU - Tao, Ling
AU - Hao, Lei
AU - Stanley, Todd H.
AU - Huang, Kuan Hsun
AU - Lambert, Joshua D.
AU - Kris-Etherton, Penny M.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by a grant from the Hass Avocado Board. The clinical trial was also supported by the National Center for Research Resources (grant UL1 RR033184) and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (grant UL1 TR000127). Author disclosures: LW, LT, LH, THS, K-HH, and JDL, no conflicts of interest. PMK-E received funding from the Hass Avocado Board to conduct this study and is a member of the Avocado Nutrition Science Advisory. The Hass Avocado Board had no role in the design and conduct of the study; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Supplemental Figure 1 and Supplemental Tables 1–3 are available from the “Supplementary data” link in the online posting of the article and from the same link in the online table of contents at https://academic.oup.com/jn. Address correspondence to PMK-E (e-mail: pmk3@psu.edu). Abbreviations used: AAD, average American diet; AV, avocado; CE, cholesterol ester; CETP, cholesteryl ester transfer protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ICAM1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; LCAT, lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase; LDL-C, LDL cholesterol; LF, lower fat; MCP1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; MF, moderate fat; oxLDL, oxidized LDL; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PLTP, phospholipid transfer protein; sdLDL, small, dense LDL; TG, triglyceride; VCAM1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.
Funding Information:
Supported by a grant from the Hass Avocado Board. The clinical trial was also supported by the National Center for Research Resources (grant UL1 RR033184) and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (grant UL1 TR000127). Author disclosures: LW, LT, LH, THS, K-HH, and JDL, no conflicts of interest. PMK-E received funding from the Hass Avocado Board to conduct this study and is a member of the Avocado Nutrition Science Advisory. The Hass Avocado Board had no role in the design and conduct of the study; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © American Society for Nutrition 2019. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/2/1
Y1 - 2020/2/1
N2 - Background: Avocados are a nutrient-dense source of MUFAs and are rich in antioxidants. Avocados have an additional LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering effect beyond that observed when their MUFAs are substituted for SFAs, especially on small, dense LDL (sdLDL) particles, which are susceptible to in vivo oxidation and associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objectives: We investigated whether a healthy diet with 1 avocado daily decreased the following secondary outcomes: circulating oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and related oxidative stress markers. Methods: A randomized, crossover, controlled feeding trial was conducted with 45 men and women, aged 21-70 y, with overweight or obesity and elevated LDL-C (25th-90th percentile). Three cholesterol-lowering diets were provided (5 wk each) in random sequences: a lower-fat (LF) diet (24% calories from fat-7% SFAs, 11% MUFAs, 6% PUFAs) and 2 moderate-fat (MF) diets (34% calories from fat-6% SFAs, 17% MUFAs, 9% PUFAs): the avocado (AV) diet included 1 Hass avocado (∼136 g) per day, and the MF diet used high oleic acid oils to match the fatty acid profile of 1 avocado. A general linear mixed model was used to analyze the treatment effects. Results: Compared with baseline, the AV diet significantly decreased circulating oxLDL (−7.0 U/L, -8.8%, P = 0.0004) and increased plasma lutein concentration (19.6 nmol/L, 68.7%, P < 0.0001), and both changes differed significantly from that after the MF and LF diets (P ≤ 0.05). The change in oxLDL caused by the AV diet was significantly correlated with the changes in the number of sdLDL particles (r = 0.32, P = 0.0002) but not large, buoyant LDL particles. Conclusions: One avocado a day in a heart-healthy diet decreased oxLDL in adults with overweight and obesity, and the effect was associated with the reduction in sdLDL.
AB - Background: Avocados are a nutrient-dense source of MUFAs and are rich in antioxidants. Avocados have an additional LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering effect beyond that observed when their MUFAs are substituted for SFAs, especially on small, dense LDL (sdLDL) particles, which are susceptible to in vivo oxidation and associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objectives: We investigated whether a healthy diet with 1 avocado daily decreased the following secondary outcomes: circulating oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and related oxidative stress markers. Methods: A randomized, crossover, controlled feeding trial was conducted with 45 men and women, aged 21-70 y, with overweight or obesity and elevated LDL-C (25th-90th percentile). Three cholesterol-lowering diets were provided (5 wk each) in random sequences: a lower-fat (LF) diet (24% calories from fat-7% SFAs, 11% MUFAs, 6% PUFAs) and 2 moderate-fat (MF) diets (34% calories from fat-6% SFAs, 17% MUFAs, 9% PUFAs): the avocado (AV) diet included 1 Hass avocado (∼136 g) per day, and the MF diet used high oleic acid oils to match the fatty acid profile of 1 avocado. A general linear mixed model was used to analyze the treatment effects. Results: Compared with baseline, the AV diet significantly decreased circulating oxLDL (−7.0 U/L, -8.8%, P = 0.0004) and increased plasma lutein concentration (19.6 nmol/L, 68.7%, P < 0.0001), and both changes differed significantly from that after the MF and LF diets (P ≤ 0.05). The change in oxLDL caused by the AV diet was significantly correlated with the changes in the number of sdLDL particles (r = 0.32, P = 0.0002) but not large, buoyant LDL particles. Conclusions: One avocado a day in a heart-healthy diet decreased oxLDL in adults with overweight and obesity, and the effect was associated with the reduction in sdLDL.
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U2 - 10.1093/jn/nxz231
DO - 10.1093/jn/nxz231
M3 - Article
C2 - 31616932
AN - SCOPUS:85079096097
SN - 0022-3166
VL - 150
SP - 276
EP - 284
JO - Journal of Nutrition
JF - Journal of Nutrition
IS - 2
ER -