A randomized behavioural trial targeting glycaemic index improves dietary, weight and metabolic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes

Melissa Davis Gutschall, Carla K. Miller, Diane C. Mitchell, Frank R. Lawrence

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

24 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective Glycaemic index (GI) reflects the postprandial glucose response of carbohydrate-containing foods. A diet with lower GI may improve glycaemic control in people with diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the change in outcomes following a behavioural intervention which promoted lower-GI foods among adults with diabetes.Design A pre-testpost-test control group design was used with participants randomly assigned to an immediate (experimental) or delayed (control) treatment group. The intervention included a 9-week, group-based intervention about carbohydrate and the glycaemic index. Dietary, anthropometric and metabolic measures were obtained pre/post-intervention in both groups and at 18-week follow-up for the immediate group.Setting The study was conducted in a rural community in the north-eastern USA.Subjects Adults having type 2 diabetes mellitus for≥ 1 year, aged 40-70 years and not requiring insulin therapy (n 109) were recruited.Results Following the intervention, mean dietary GI (P < 0.001), percentage of energy from total fat (P < 0.01) and total dietary fibre (P < 0.01) improved in the immediate compared with the delayed group. Mean BMI (P < 0.0001), fasting plasma glucose (P = 0.03), postprandial glucose (P = 0.02), fructosamine (P = 0.02) and insulin sensitivity factor (P = 0.04) also improved in the immediate group compared with the delayed group. Mean waist circumference among males (P < 0.01) and body weight among males and females (P < 0.01) were significantly different between treatment groups.Conclusions Educating clients about carbohydrate and the glycaemic index can improve dietary intake and health outcomes among adults with type 2 diabetes.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1846-1854
Number of pages9
JournalPublic Health Nutrition
Volume12
Issue number10
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 2009

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Medicine (miscellaneous)
  • Nutrition and Dietetics
  • Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

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