A research perspective on white-tailed deer overabundance in the northeastern United States

Resolving specific issues of deer overabundance will require integrated research in 4 overlapping areas. First, we must provide improved methods for predicting responses of ecosystem components to deer density. This will involve a substantial synthesis and modeling effort. Second, research can develop more efficient methods for estimating deer population size and forage abundance at specific landscape scales, ranging from habitat patches to deer home ranges. Reliable data at these scales are essential for developing predictive models of deer impacts and monitoring progress toward management goals. Third, research can improve methods for regulating deep populations. Substantial opportunities exist for enhancing the effectiveness of public hunting and for developing alternatives to hunting, such as contraception. Finally, more information is needed on the human dimensions of resource management. Public involvement in management will increase; managers will need to understand human attitudes and motivations to gain support for the participation in deer management programs.