TY - JOUR
T1 - A Smartphone-Interfaced, Flexible Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Graphene Ink for Selective Detection of Dopamine
AU - Muralidharan, Ritvik
AU - Chandrashekhar, Vinay
AU - Butler, Derrick
AU - Ebrahimi, Aida
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2001-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2020/11/15
Y1 - 2020/11/15
N2 - This study reports the fabrication of flexible electrochemical dopamine sensors using a facile, low temperature (300°C) process based on spin-coating of commercially available graphene ink onto a polyimide (PI) substrate. The electrochemical testing and surface characterization were achieved using cyclic voltammetry (CV), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The graphene-ink based biosensor demonstrated a limit of detection (LoD) of 100 nM of dopamine in PBS and a dynamic concentration range up to 1 mM, with excellent specificity against uric acid and ascorbic acid. The sensor is also resilient against mechanical deformation (< 12% change in peak currents during maximum bending). Furthermore, we demonstrated that a subsequent solution-phase treatment of graphene ink in copper sulfate (CuSO4) followed by annealing in air at 200°C improves the sensor LoD from $1~\mu \text{m}$ to 5 nM in artificial sweat. Wireless data transfer via Wi-Fi in tandem with an on-chip sensor integrated with an in-house built potentiostat is also developed to demonstrate the applicability of the platform for point-of-care applications.
AB - This study reports the fabrication of flexible electrochemical dopamine sensors using a facile, low temperature (300°C) process based on spin-coating of commercially available graphene ink onto a polyimide (PI) substrate. The electrochemical testing and surface characterization were achieved using cyclic voltammetry (CV), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The graphene-ink based biosensor demonstrated a limit of detection (LoD) of 100 nM of dopamine in PBS and a dynamic concentration range up to 1 mM, with excellent specificity against uric acid and ascorbic acid. The sensor is also resilient against mechanical deformation (< 12% change in peak currents during maximum bending). Furthermore, we demonstrated that a subsequent solution-phase treatment of graphene ink in copper sulfate (CuSO4) followed by annealing in air at 200°C improves the sensor LoD from $1~\mu \text{m}$ to 5 nM in artificial sweat. Wireless data transfer via Wi-Fi in tandem with an on-chip sensor integrated with an in-house built potentiostat is also developed to demonstrate the applicability of the platform for point-of-care applications.
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U2 - 10.1109/JSEN.2020.3005171
DO - 10.1109/JSEN.2020.3005171
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85094112914
SN - 1530-437X
VL - 20
SP - 13204
EP - 13211
JO - IEEE Sensors Journal
JF - IEEE Sensors Journal
IS - 22
M1 - 9126813
ER -