A snapshot review of electric field’s role in crystallization at electrochemical interfaces

Dendrite growth on metal anodes, which results from uneven crystallization at electrochemical interfaces, has prevented the widespread adoption of metal anode-based batteries. Promising adaptable strategies to control dendrite growth have emerged, which can be categorized into three broad approaches: (a) using textured/patterned or 3D electrodes, (b) enhancing mass transfer, and (c) modifying the electrode–electrolyte interface. While these strategies affect and control different sub-processes that culminate in dendrite growth, they directly or indirectly modify the electric field at the electrode–electrolyte interface. Here, we elucidate the fundamental role of the electric field and offer a few pros and cons of each strategy and their prospects. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.)