TY - JOUR
T1 - A survey of turfgrass irrigation water quality in Pennsylvania
AU - Landschoot, Peter James
AU - Spargo, John
AU - McGraw, Benjamin A.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the following individuals for collecting the water samples for this survey: George Skawski, Eric Kline, Danny Kline, Jeff Gregos, Don Lipandro, Robert Capranica, Tanner Delvalle, Thomas Bettle, and Christopher Marra. This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project 1006804. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture or the USDA. Some financial support for this research was provided by the Stanley J. Zontek Endowment and the Pennsylvania Turfgrass Council.
Funding Information:
The authors thank the following individuals for collecting the water samples for this survey: George Skawski, Eric Kline, Danny Kline, Jeff Gregos, Don Lipandro, Robert Capranica, Tanner Delvalle, Thomas Bettle, and Christopher Marra. This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project 1006804. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture or the USDA. Some financial support for this research was provided by the Stanley J. Zontek Endowment and the Pennsylvania Turfgrass Council.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Surveys of irrigation water reveal important information about water quality in different geographic regions and can serve as a reference to compare with individual samples submitted to labs. This survey aimed to establish a baseline profile of turfgrass irrigation water quality from nonamended and noneffluent sources in Pennsylvania that can be compared with water quality data from other geographic regions and future surveys in the Mid-Atlantic region, and to improve test report guidelines for samples submitted to labs. The survey was conducted between fall 2007 and spring 2019 and included 190 irrigation water samples. Samples were analyzed at Penn State's Agricultural Analytical Services Laboratory (PSAASL) for pH, alkalinity, hardness, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, sodium absorption ratio, bicarbonate, carbonate, residual sodium carbonate, nitrate-N, ammonium-N, and 13 elements. The results showed acceptable irrigation water quality according to published guidelines, with some exceptions, which included high (and potentially problematic) values for sodium, total dissolved solids, and sulfur, but these represented ≤10% of the samples. According to the results, most normal ranges and upper limits for the quality parameters of turfgrass irrigation water should be similar to those currently listed in PSAASL reports. However, the normal ranges for pH, alkalinity, and bicarbonate should be expanded to account for the numerous water samples (> 45%) that exceeded the maximum range listed in test reports. The normal range and upper limit of nitrate-N should be lowered in PSAASL reports to reflect the results and concerns about environmental and health-related effects.
AB - Surveys of irrigation water reveal important information about water quality in different geographic regions and can serve as a reference to compare with individual samples submitted to labs. This survey aimed to establish a baseline profile of turfgrass irrigation water quality from nonamended and noneffluent sources in Pennsylvania that can be compared with water quality data from other geographic regions and future surveys in the Mid-Atlantic region, and to improve test report guidelines for samples submitted to labs. The survey was conducted between fall 2007 and spring 2019 and included 190 irrigation water samples. Samples were analyzed at Penn State's Agricultural Analytical Services Laboratory (PSAASL) for pH, alkalinity, hardness, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, sodium absorption ratio, bicarbonate, carbonate, residual sodium carbonate, nitrate-N, ammonium-N, and 13 elements. The results showed acceptable irrigation water quality according to published guidelines, with some exceptions, which included high (and potentially problematic) values for sodium, total dissolved solids, and sulfur, but these represented ≤10% of the samples. According to the results, most normal ranges and upper limits for the quality parameters of turfgrass irrigation water should be similar to those currently listed in PSAASL reports. However, the normal ranges for pH, alkalinity, and bicarbonate should be expanded to account for the numerous water samples (> 45%) that exceeded the maximum range listed in test reports. The normal range and upper limit of nitrate-N should be lowered in PSAASL reports to reflect the results and concerns about environmental and health-related effects.
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U2 - 10.1002/cft2.20157
DO - 10.1002/cft2.20157
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85132941011
SN - 2374-3832
VL - 8
JO - Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management
JF - Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management
IS - 1
M1 - e20157
ER -