A viscoelastic model for the rate effect in transfer printing

Transfer printing is a volatile tool to retract micro devices from a donor substrate via elastomeric stamps, from which the devices are grown or fabricated, followed by printing to a receiver substrate where the device is assembled to an array for integration in various applications. Among the five approaches of transfer printing summarized in the paper, the viscoelastic property of stamps is widely adopted to modulate the interfacial adhesion between the stamp and devices by applying different pulling speeds. A visco-elastic model for transfer printing is analytically established. It shows that the interfacial adhesion increases with pulling speed, which is verified by the experiments and numerical simulations.