TY - JOUR
T1 - Acidic processing of fly ash
T2 - chemical characterization, morphology, and immersion freezing
AU - Losey, Delanie J.
AU - Sihvonen, Sarah K.
AU - Veghte, Daniel P.
AU - Chong, Esther
AU - Freedman, Miriam Arak
N1 - Funding Information:
We gratefully acknowledge support from the Pennsylvania State University and the NSF CAREER program (CHE 1351383). We acknowledge the Materials Characterization Lab at Penn State for use of the XRD, TEM, and BET; J. Anderson and E. Bazi-levskaya for the BET data; and the Penn State Institutes for Energy and the Environment for use of the ICP-AES. We also thank Andrea Sitton for running preliminary characterization studies.
PY - 2018/11
Y1 - 2018/11
N2 - Fly ash can undergo aging in the atmosphere through interactions with sulfuric acid and water. These reactions could result in chemical and physical changes that could affect the cloud condensation or ice nucleation activity of fly ash particles. To explore this process, different water and acid treated fly ash types were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), selected area diffraction (SAED), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Then, their immersion freezing activity was assessed. With water and acid treatment, a wide variety of metals were leached, depending on the starting composition of the fly ash. Acid treatment resulted in the formation of gypsum, Ca(SO4)·2H2O, for fly ash containing Ca as well as morphological changes. The immersion freezing activity was also assessed for each fly ash system to compare the effects of water and acid processing. Our results support the assertion that fly ash can serve as a cloud condensation or ice nucleus to affect climate.
AB - Fly ash can undergo aging in the atmosphere through interactions with sulfuric acid and water. These reactions could result in chemical and physical changes that could affect the cloud condensation or ice nucleation activity of fly ash particles. To explore this process, different water and acid treated fly ash types were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), selected area diffraction (SAED), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Then, their immersion freezing activity was assessed. With water and acid treatment, a wide variety of metals were leached, depending on the starting composition of the fly ash. Acid treatment resulted in the formation of gypsum, Ca(SO4)·2H2O, for fly ash containing Ca as well as morphological changes. The immersion freezing activity was also assessed for each fly ash system to compare the effects of water and acid processing. Our results support the assertion that fly ash can serve as a cloud condensation or ice nucleus to affect climate.
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U2 - 10.1039/c8em00319j
DO - 10.1039/c8em00319j
M3 - Article
C2 - 30339168
AN - SCOPUS:85056496941
SN - 2050-7887
VL - 20
SP - 1581
EP - 1592
JO - Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts
JF - Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts
IS - 11
ER -
