Acromioclavicular joint separations: Update, diagnosis, classification, and treatment

Acromioclavicular separations usually occur as a result of direct trauma to the superolateral aspect of the shoulder. The commonly used acromioclavicular separation classification system describes the anatomic basis for the injury and directs the appropriate type of treatment. There is little debate regarding the management of mild or moderate subluxations of the acromioclavicular joint. Treatment of type III acromioclavicular joint injuries remains a topic of considerable controversy. In the more severe types of injuries (types IV-VI), surgical stabilization of the acromioclavicular joint has been recommended. Many techniques for stabilization have been described, and recent studies have tried to elucidate the ideal method for stabilization.