Active pixel sensor matrix based on monolayer MoS2 phototransistor array

Akhil Dodda; Darsith Jayachandran; Andrew Pannone; Nicholas Trainor; Sergei P. Stepanoff; Megan A. Steves; Shiva Subbulakshmi Radhakrishnan; Saiphaneendra Bachu; Claudio W. Ordonez; Jeffrey R. Shallenberger; Joan M. Redwing; Kenneth L. Knappenberger; Douglas E. Wolfe; Saptarshi Das

doi:10.1038/s41563-022-01398-9

Active pixel sensor matrix based on monolayer MoS₂ phototransistor array

Akhil Dodda
, Darsith Jayachandran
, Andrew Pannone
, Nicholas Trainor
, Sergei P. Stepanoff
, Megan A. Steves
, Shiva Subbulakshmi Radhakrishnan
, Saiphaneendra Bachu
, Claudio W. Ordonez
, Jeffrey R. Shallenberger
, Joan M. Redwing
, Kenneth L. Knappenberger
, Douglas E. Wolfe
, Saptarshi Das

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

174 Scopus citations

Abstract

In-sensor processing, which can reduce the energy and hardware burden for many machine vision applications, is currently lacking in state-of-the-art active pixel sensor (APS) technology. Photosensitive and semiconducting two-dimensional (2D) materials can bridge this technology gap by integrating image capture (sense) and image processing (compute) capabilities in a single device. Here, we introduce a 2D APS technology based on a monolayer MoS₂ phototransistor array, where each pixel uses a single programmable phototransistor, leading to a substantial reduction in footprint (900 pixels in ∼0.09 cm²) and energy consumption (100s of fJ per pixel). By exploiting gate-tunable persistent photoconductivity, we achieve a responsivity of ∼3.6 × 10⁷ A W⁻¹, specific detectivity of ∼5.6 × 10¹³ Jones, spectral uniformity, a high dynamic range of ∼80 dB and in-sensor de-noising capabilities. Further, we demonstrate near-ideal yield and uniformity in photoresponse across the 2D APS array.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1379-1387
Number of pages	9
Journal	Nature Materials
Volume	21
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-022-01398-9
State	Published - Dec 2022

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

General Chemistry
General Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Mechanics of Materials
Mechanical Engineering

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1038/s41563-022-01398-9

Cite this

Dodda, A., Jayachandran, D., Pannone, A., Trainor, N., Stepanoff, S. P., Steves, M. A., Radhakrishnan, S. S., Bachu, S., Ordonez, C. W., Shallenberger, J. R., Redwing, J. M., Knappenberger, K. L., Wolfe, D. E., & Das, S. (2022). Active pixel sensor matrix based on monolayer MoS₂ phototransistor array. Nature Materials, 21(12), 1379-1387. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-022-01398-9

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abstract = "In-sensor processing, which can reduce the energy and hardware burden for many machine vision applications, is currently lacking in state-of-the-art active pixel sensor (APS) technology. Photosensitive and semiconducting two-dimensional (2D) materials can bridge this technology gap by integrating image capture (sense) and image processing (compute) capabilities in a single device. Here, we introduce a 2D APS technology based on a monolayer MoS2 phototransistor array, where each pixel uses a single programmable phototransistor, leading to a substantial reduction in footprint (900 pixels in ∼0.09 cm2) and energy consumption (100s of fJ per pixel). By exploiting gate-tunable persistent photoconductivity, we achieve a responsivity of ∼3.6 × 107 A W−1, specific detectivity of ∼5.6 × 1013 Jones, spectral uniformity, a high dynamic range of ∼80 dB and in-sensor de-noising capabilities. Further, we demonstrate near-ideal yield and uniformity in photoresponse across the 2D APS array.",

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