Addressing conceptual and design gaps in the oncology nutrition evidence base during chemotherapy: Contributions of the Exercise and Nutrition Interventions to Improve Cancer Treatment-Related Outcomes Consortium

Evidence to support the development of practice guidelines on nutrition interventions during active cancer treatment is limited despite the established role of nutrition in cancer prevention and long-term survivorship. To address this gap, the National Cancer Institute funded the Exercise and Nutrition Interventions to Improve Cancer Treatment-Related Outcomes (ENICTO) research consortium. This manuscript focuses on the nutrition-specific work within the ENICTO Consortium. We present a conceptual framework describing how nutritional interventions may enhance cancer treatment tolerance and timely completion of chemotherapy. We also describe how each ENICTO research project selected specific nutrition-related data items and collection methods to test hypotheses outlined in the conceptual framework. Research and consortium-wide projects are described in relation to advancing the scientific rigor of research in the field, including the standardization of nutrition assessment tools and measures. We conclude with a call to action for further research to support the development of evidence-based oncology nutrition practice guidelines relevant to the treatment period within the cancer continuum.