TY - JOUR
T1 - Adjustable X-ray optics
T2 - thin-film actuator measurement and figure correction performance
AU - Buffo, Kenneth
AU - Deroo, Casey
AU - Reid, Paul
AU - Kradinov, Vladimir
AU - Marquez, Vanessa
AU - Trolier-Mckinstry, Susan
AU - Bishop, Nathan
AU - Jackson, Thomas N.
AU - Tran, Quyen
AU - Liang, Hanyuan
AU - Tendulkar, Mohit
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).
PY - 2024/7/1
Y1 - 2024/7/1
N2 - Several proposed future X-ray missions will require thin (≤0.5 mm thick) mirrors with precise surface figures to maintain high angular resolution (≤0.5 arcsec). To study methods of meeting these requirements, adjustable X-ray optics have been fabricated with thin-film piezoelectric actuators to perform figure correction. The fabrication and actuator performance for an adjustable X-ray mirror that forms a conical approximation to a Wolter-I telescope are reported. The individual responses of actuator cells were measured and shown to induce a figure change of 870 nm peak-to-valley on average. These measured responses were compared with predicted responses generated using a finite-element analysis algorithm. On average, the measured and predicted cell responses agreed to within 60 nm root mean square. A set of representative mirror distortions and the measured cell responses were used to simulate figure corrections and calculate the half-power diameter (HPD, single reflection at 1 keV) achieved. These simulations showed an improvement in 4.5 to 9 arcsec mirrors to 0.5 to 1.5 arcsec HPD. The disagreements between the predicted and measured cells' performance in actuation and figure correction were attributed to a high spatial frequency metrology error and differences in mirror bonding considerations between the finite-element analysis model and the as-built mirror mount.
AB - Several proposed future X-ray missions will require thin (≤0.5 mm thick) mirrors with precise surface figures to maintain high angular resolution (≤0.5 arcsec). To study methods of meeting these requirements, adjustable X-ray optics have been fabricated with thin-film piezoelectric actuators to perform figure correction. The fabrication and actuator performance for an adjustable X-ray mirror that forms a conical approximation to a Wolter-I telescope are reported. The individual responses of actuator cells were measured and shown to induce a figure change of 870 nm peak-to-valley on average. These measured responses were compared with predicted responses generated using a finite-element analysis algorithm. On average, the measured and predicted cell responses agreed to within 60 nm root mean square. A set of representative mirror distortions and the measured cell responses were used to simulate figure corrections and calculate the half-power diameter (HPD, single reflection at 1 keV) achieved. These simulations showed an improvement in 4.5 to 9 arcsec mirrors to 0.5 to 1.5 arcsec HPD. The disagreements between the predicted and measured cells' performance in actuation and figure correction were attributed to a high spatial frequency metrology error and differences in mirror bonding considerations between the finite-element analysis model and the as-built mirror mount.
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U2 - 10.1117/1.JATIS.10.3.039003
DO - 10.1117/1.JATIS.10.3.039003
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85205993972
SN - 2329-4124
VL - 10
JO - Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems
JF - Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems
IS - 3
M1 - 039003
ER -