TY - JOUR
T1 - Advanced gasoline engine development using optical diagnostics and numerical modeling
AU - Drake, M. C.
AU - Haworth, D. C.
N1 - Funding Information:
Haworth’s research in advanced multidimensional modeling for IC engines has been supported by the US National Science Foundation (Grant Numbers CTS-0121573 and DGE-0338240), the US Department of Energy (Contract Numbers DE-FC04-02AL67612 and DE-FC25-04NT42233), CD-Adapco, the General Motors R&D Center, and the Honda Motor Company. Drake is grateful for the many valuable interactions and helpful discussions with GM colleagues (Rod Rask, Paul Najt, Arun Solomon, Jerry Szekely, Scott Parrish, Dave Reuss, Matthius Alt, Yangbing Zeng, and Ron Grover) and especially the collaborations with Todd Fansler on optical diagnostics and Andreas Lippert for CFD modeling.
PY - 2007
Y1 - 2007
N2 - Twenty years ago, homogeneous-charge spark-ignition gasoline engines (using carburetion, throttlebody-, or port-fuel-injection) were the dominant automotive engines. Advanced automotive engine development remained largely empirical, and stratified-charge direct-injection gasoline-engine production was blocked by lack of robustness in its combustion process [W.G. Agnew, Proc. Combust. Inst. 20 (1984) 1-17]. Today, a wide range of direct-injection gasoline engines are in (or near) production, and combustion science is playing a direct role in advanced gasoline-engine development through the simultaneous application of advanced optical diagnostics, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, and traditional combustion diagnostics. This paper discusses the use of optical diagnostics and CFD in five gasoline-engine combustion systems: homogeneous spark-ignition port-fuel-injection (PFI), homogeneous spark-ignition direct-injection (DI), stratified wall-guided spark-ignition direct-injection (WG-SIDI), stratified spray-guided spark-ignition direct-injection (SG-SIDI), and homogeneous-charge compression-ignition (HCCI). The emphasis is on WG-SIDI, SG-SIDI, and HCCI engines. Key in-cylinder physical processes (e.g., sprays and vaporization, turbulent fuel-air mixing, wall wetting, ignition and early flame development, turbulent partially premixed flame propagation, and emissions formation) can be visualized, quantified, and optimized through optical engine experiments and CFD-based engine modeling. Outstanding issues for stratified engines include reducing piston wall-wetting, pool fires and smoke in WG-SIDI engines, eliminating intermittent misfires in SG-SIDI engines, and optimizing lean NOx after-treatment systems. HCCI engines require better control of combustion timing and heat-release rate over wide speed/load operating ranges, smooth transitions between operating modes, and individual cylinder sensors and controls. Future directions in optical diagnostics and modeling are suggested to improve our fundamental understanding of important in-cylinder processes and to enhance CFD modeling capabilities.
AB - Twenty years ago, homogeneous-charge spark-ignition gasoline engines (using carburetion, throttlebody-, or port-fuel-injection) were the dominant automotive engines. Advanced automotive engine development remained largely empirical, and stratified-charge direct-injection gasoline-engine production was blocked by lack of robustness in its combustion process [W.G. Agnew, Proc. Combust. Inst. 20 (1984) 1-17]. Today, a wide range of direct-injection gasoline engines are in (or near) production, and combustion science is playing a direct role in advanced gasoline-engine development through the simultaneous application of advanced optical diagnostics, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, and traditional combustion diagnostics. This paper discusses the use of optical diagnostics and CFD in five gasoline-engine combustion systems: homogeneous spark-ignition port-fuel-injection (PFI), homogeneous spark-ignition direct-injection (DI), stratified wall-guided spark-ignition direct-injection (WG-SIDI), stratified spray-guided spark-ignition direct-injection (SG-SIDI), and homogeneous-charge compression-ignition (HCCI). The emphasis is on WG-SIDI, SG-SIDI, and HCCI engines. Key in-cylinder physical processes (e.g., sprays and vaporization, turbulent fuel-air mixing, wall wetting, ignition and early flame development, turbulent partially premixed flame propagation, and emissions formation) can be visualized, quantified, and optimized through optical engine experiments and CFD-based engine modeling. Outstanding issues for stratified engines include reducing piston wall-wetting, pool fires and smoke in WG-SIDI engines, eliminating intermittent misfires in SG-SIDI engines, and optimizing lean NOx after-treatment systems. HCCI engines require better control of combustion timing and heat-release rate over wide speed/load operating ranges, smooth transitions between operating modes, and individual cylinder sensors and controls. Future directions in optical diagnostics and modeling are suggested to improve our fundamental understanding of important in-cylinder processes and to enhance CFD modeling capabilities.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34548775757&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=34548775757&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.120
DO - 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.120
M3 - Conference article
AN - SCOPUS:34548775757
SN - 1540-7489
VL - 31 I
SP - 99
EP - 124
JO - Proceedings of the Combustion Institute
JF - Proceedings of the Combustion Institute
IS - 1
T2 - 31st International Symposium on Combustion
Y2 - 5 August 2006 through 11 August 2006
ER -