TY - JOUR
T1 - Aircraft engine particulate matter
T2 - Macro- micro- and nanostructure by HRTEM and chemistry by XPS
AU - Vander Wal, Randy L.
AU - Bryg, Vicky M.
AU - Huang, Chung Hsuan
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge sample collection during the weeks of field campaign testing by Dr. Kathleen Tacina (NASA-Glenn) and overall project coordination and experimental assistance and support by Dr. Bruce Anderson (NASA-Langley). Vicky M. Bryg (USRA) is acknowledged for TEM and XPS work and fringe analyses and Mr. Chung-Hsuan Hunag (Penn State University) for sizing analyses and Dr. Corporan (WPAFB) for graciously sharing his experimental data prior to publication. Support for this work was through the NASA Aeronautics Subsonic Fixed Wing (SSFW) Program, NASA Cooperative Agreement NNX09AD42A with The Pennsylvania State University, at University Park PA.
PY - 2014/2
Y1 - 2014/2
N2 - Carbonaceous particulate emissions from jet aircraft are a significant source of emissions from airports near urban areas. Physical structure and surface chemistry are relevant towards assessing impacts of combustion-produced soot upon the environment and assessing health impacts. In this report high-resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) data are presented for particulate emissions from a CFM-56-3 engine aboard a DC-9 aircraft, fueled by JP-8. Engine power levels were varied from 4% to 100%. Soot aggregate macrostructure, microstructure and nanostructure are discussed with respect to combustion conditions. Ultrafine particle size distributions at idle and near full power conditions are highlighted by HRTEM and compare favorably to reported scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) measurements. Particle composition, as inferred from the XPS ratio for sp2/sp3 carbon bonding is compared to results from thermo-optical evaluation of organic and elemental carbon analysis at selected powers with excellent agreement. Across engine power levels, these ultra-fine particles appear to be remnants of oxidized larger aggregates.
AB - Carbonaceous particulate emissions from jet aircraft are a significant source of emissions from airports near urban areas. Physical structure and surface chemistry are relevant towards assessing impacts of combustion-produced soot upon the environment and assessing health impacts. In this report high-resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) data are presented for particulate emissions from a CFM-56-3 engine aboard a DC-9 aircraft, fueled by JP-8. Engine power levels were varied from 4% to 100%. Soot aggregate macrostructure, microstructure and nanostructure are discussed with respect to combustion conditions. Ultrafine particle size distributions at idle and near full power conditions are highlighted by HRTEM and compare favorably to reported scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) measurements. Particle composition, as inferred from the XPS ratio for sp2/sp3 carbon bonding is compared to results from thermo-optical evaluation of organic and elemental carbon analysis at selected powers with excellent agreement. Across engine power levels, these ultra-fine particles appear to be remnants of oxidized larger aggregates.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.09.003
DO - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.09.003
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84890316325
SN - 0010-2180
VL - 161
SP - 602
EP - 611
JO - Combustion and Flame
JF - Combustion and Flame
IS - 2
ER -