Abstract
We report on a measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum with the IceTop air shower array, the surface component of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole. The data used in this analysis were taken between June and October, 2007, with 26 surface stations operational at that time, corresponding to about one third of the final array. The fiducial area used in this analysis was 0.122 km2. The analysis investigated the energy spectrum from 1 to 100 PeV measured for three different zenith angle ranges between 0° and 46°. Because of the isotropy of cosmic rays in this energy range the spectra from all zenith angle intervals have to agree. The cosmic-ray energy spectrum was determined under different assumptions on the primary mass composition. Good agreement of spectra in the three zenith angle ranges was found for the assumption of pure proton and a simple two-component model. For zenith angles θ < 30°, where the mass dependence is smallest, the knee in the cosmic ray energy spectrum was observed at about 4 PeV, with a spectral index above the knee of about -3.1. Moreover, an indication of a flattening of the spectrum above 22 PeV was observed.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 40-58 |
| Number of pages | 19 |
| Journal | Astroparticle Physics |
| Volume | 44 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2013 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
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In: Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 44, 2013, p. 40-58.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - All-particle cosmic ray energy spectrum measured with 26 IceTop stations
AU - Abbasi, R.
AU - Abdou, Y.
AU - Abu-Zayyad, T.
AU - Ackermann, M.
AU - Adams, J.
AU - Aguilar, J. A.
AU - Ahlers, M.
AU - Altmann, D.
AU - Andeen, K.
AU - Auffenberg, J.
AU - Bai, X.
AU - Baker, M.
AU - Barwick, S. W.
AU - Baum, V.
AU - Bay, R.
AU - Bazo Alba, J. L.
AU - Beattie, K.
AU - Beatty, J. J.
AU - Bechet, S.
AU - Becker, J. K.
AU - Becker, K. H.
AU - Bell, M.
AU - Benabderrahmane, M. L.
AU - Benzvi, S.
AU - Berdermann, J.
AU - Berghaus, P.
AU - Berley, D.
AU - Bernardini, E.
AU - Bertrand, D.
AU - Besson, D. Z.
AU - Bindig, D.
AU - Bissok, M.
AU - Blaufuss, E.
AU - Blumenthal, J.
AU - Boersma, D. J.
AU - Bohm, C.
AU - Bose, D.
AU - Böser, S.
AU - Botner, O.
AU - Brayeur, L.
AU - Brown, A. M.
AU - Buitink, S.
AU - Caballero-Mora, K. S.
AU - Carson, M.
AU - Casier, M.
AU - Chirkin, D.
AU - Christy, B.
AU - Clevermann, F.
AU - Cohen, S.
AU - Cowen, D. F.
AU - Cruz Silva, A. H.
AU - D'Agostino, M. V.
AU - Danninger, M.
AU - Daughhetee, J.
AU - Davis, J. C.
AU - De Clercq, C.
AU - Degner, T.
AU - Descamps, F.
AU - Desiati, P.
AU - De Vries-Uiterweerd, G.
AU - Deyoung, T.
AU - Díaz-Vélez, J. C.
AU - Dreyer, J.
AU - Dumm, J. P.
AU - Dunkman, M.
AU - Eisch, J.
AU - Ellsworth, R. W.
AU - Engdegård, O.
AU - Euler, S.
AU - Evenson, P. A.
AU - Fadiran, O.
AU - Fazely, A. R.
AU - Fedynitch, A.
AU - Feintzeig, J.
AU - Feusels, T.
AU - Filimonov, K.
AU - Finley, C.
AU - Fischer-Wasels, T.
AU - Flis, S.
AU - Franckowiak, A.
AU - Franke, R.
AU - Gaisser, T. K.
AU - Gallagher, J.
AU - Gerhardt, L.
AU - Gladstone, L.
AU - Glüsenkamp, T.
AU - Goldschmidt, A.
AU - Goodman, J. A.
AU - Góra, D.
AU - Grant, D.
AU - Groß, A.
AU - Grullon, S.
AU - Gurtner, M.
AU - Ha, C.
AU - Haj Ismail, A.
AU - Hallgren, A.
AU - Halzen, F.
AU - Han, K.
AU - Hanson, K.
AU - Heereman, D.
AU - Heimann, P.
AU - Heinen, D.
AU - Helbing, K.
AU - Hellauer, R.
AU - Hickford, S.
AU - Hill, G. C.
AU - Hoffman, K. D.
AU - Hoffmann, B.
AU - Homeier, A.
AU - Hoshina, K.
AU - Huelsnitz, W.
AU - Hulth, P. O.
AU - Hultqvist, K.
AU - Hussain, S.
AU - Ishihara, A.
AU - Jacobi, E.
AU - Jacobsen, J.
AU - Japaridze, G. S.
AU - Johansson, H.
AU - Kappes, A.
AU - Karg, T.
AU - Karle, A.
AU - Kiryluk, J.
AU - Kislat, F.
AU - Klein, S. R.
AU - Klepser, S.
AU - Köhne, J. H.
AU - Kohnen, G.
AU - Kolanoski, H.
AU - Köpke, L.
AU - Kopper, S.
AU - Koskinen, D. J.
AU - Kowalski, M.
AU - Krasberg, M.
AU - Kroll, G.
AU - Kunnen, J.
AU - Kurahashi, N.
AU - Kuwabara, T.
AU - Labare, M.
AU - Laihem, K.
AU - Landsman, H.
AU - Larson, M. J.
AU - Lauer, R.
AU - Lünemann, J.
AU - Madsen, J.
AU - Maruyama, R.
AU - Mase, K.
AU - Matis, H. S.
AU - Meagher, K.
AU - Merck, M.
AU - Mészáros, P.
AU - Meures, T.
AU - Miarecki, S.
AU - Middell, E.
AU - Milke, N.
AU - Miller, J.
AU - Montaruli, T.
AU - Morse, R.
AU - Movit, S. M.
AU - Nahnhauer, R.
AU - Nam, J. W.
AU - Naumann, U.
AU - Nowicki, S. C.
AU - Nygren, D. R.
AU - Odrowski, S.
AU - Olivas, A.
AU - Olivo, M.
AU - O'Murchadha, A.
AU - Panknin, S.
AU - Paul, L.
AU - Pérez De Los Heros, C.
AU - Pieloth, D.
AU - Posselt, J.
AU - Price, P. B.
AU - Przybylski, G. T.
AU - Rawlins, K.
AU - Redl, P.
AU - Resconi, E.
AU - Rhode, W.
AU - Ribordy, M.
AU - Richman, M.
AU - Riedel, B.
AU - Rodrigues, J. P.
AU - Rothmaier, F.
AU - Rott, C.
AU - Ruhe, T.
AU - Rutledge, D.
AU - Ruzybayev, B.
AU - Ryckbosch, D.
AU - Sander, H. G.
AU - Santander, M.
AU - Sarkar, S.
AU - Schatto, K.
AU - Scheel, M.
AU - Schmidt, T.
AU - Schöneberg, S.
AU - Schönwald, A.
AU - Schukraft, A.
AU - Schulte, L.
AU - Schultes, A.
AU - Schulz, O.
AU - Schunck, M.
AU - Seckel, D.
AU - Semburg, B.
AU - Seo, S. H.
AU - Sestayo, Y.
AU - Seunarine, S.
AU - Silvestri, A.
AU - Smith, M. W.E.
AU - Spiczak, G. M.
AU - Spiering, C.
AU - Stamatikos, M.
AU - Stanev, T.
AU - Stezelberger, T.
AU - Stokstad, R. G.
AU - Stößl, A.
AU - Strahler, E. A.
AU - Ström, R.
AU - Stüer, M.
AU - Sullivan, G. W.
AU - Taavola, H.
AU - Taboada, I.
AU - Tamburro, A.
AU - Ter-Antonyan, S.
AU - Tilav, S.
AU - Toale, P. A.
AU - Toscano, S.
AU - Tosi, D.
AU - Van Eijndhoven, N.
AU - Van Overloop, A.
AU - Van Santen, J.
AU - Vehring, M.
AU - Voge, M.
AU - Walck, C.
AU - Waldenmaier, T.
AU - Wallraff, M.
AU - Walter, M.
AU - Wasserman, R.
AU - Weaver, Ch
AU - Wendt, C.
AU - Westerhoff, S.
AU - Whitehorn, N.
AU - Wiebe, K.
AU - Wiebusch, C. H.
AU - Williams, D. R.
AU - Wischnewski, R.
AU - Wissing, H.
AU - Wolf, M.
AU - Wood, T. R.
AU - Woschnagg, K.
AU - Xu, C.
AU - Xu, D. L.
AU - Xu, X. W.
AU - Yanez, J. P.
AU - Yodh, G.
AU - Yoshida, S.
AU - Zarzhitsky, P.
AU - Zoll, M.
N1 - Funding Information: We acknowledge the support from the following agencies: U.S. National Science Foundation–Office of Polar Programs , U.S. National Science Foundation–Physics Division , University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation , the Grid Laboratory of Wisconsin (GLOW) grid infrastructure at the University of Wisconsin – Madison , the Open Science Grid (OSG) grid infrastructure; U.S. Department of Energy , and National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center , the Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI) grid computing resources; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada ; Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat , Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) , and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden ; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) , Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) , Research Department of Plasmas with Complex Interactions (Bochum), Germany ; Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO) , FWO Odysseus programme, Flanders Institute to Encourage Scientific and Technological Research in Industry (IWT) , Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo) ; University of Oxford, United Kingdom ; Marsden Fund, New Zealand; Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) ; the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland .
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - We report on a measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum with the IceTop air shower array, the surface component of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole. The data used in this analysis were taken between June and October, 2007, with 26 surface stations operational at that time, corresponding to about one third of the final array. The fiducial area used in this analysis was 0.122 km2. The analysis investigated the energy spectrum from 1 to 100 PeV measured for three different zenith angle ranges between 0° and 46°. Because of the isotropy of cosmic rays in this energy range the spectra from all zenith angle intervals have to agree. The cosmic-ray energy spectrum was determined under different assumptions on the primary mass composition. Good agreement of spectra in the three zenith angle ranges was found for the assumption of pure proton and a simple two-component model. For zenith angles θ < 30°, where the mass dependence is smallest, the knee in the cosmic ray energy spectrum was observed at about 4 PeV, with a spectral index above the knee of about -3.1. Moreover, an indication of a flattening of the spectrum above 22 PeV was observed.
AB - We report on a measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum with the IceTop air shower array, the surface component of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole. The data used in this analysis were taken between June and October, 2007, with 26 surface stations operational at that time, corresponding to about one third of the final array. The fiducial area used in this analysis was 0.122 km2. The analysis investigated the energy spectrum from 1 to 100 PeV measured for three different zenith angle ranges between 0° and 46°. Because of the isotropy of cosmic rays in this energy range the spectra from all zenith angle intervals have to agree. The cosmic-ray energy spectrum was determined under different assumptions on the primary mass composition. Good agreement of spectra in the three zenith angle ranges was found for the assumption of pure proton and a simple two-component model. For zenith angles θ < 30°, where the mass dependence is smallest, the knee in the cosmic ray energy spectrum was observed at about 4 PeV, with a spectral index above the knee of about -3.1. Moreover, an indication of a flattening of the spectrum above 22 PeV was observed.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84874735180&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84874735180&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.01.016
DO - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.01.016
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84874735180
SN - 0927-6505
VL - 44
SP - 40
EP - 58
JO - Astroparticle Physics
JF - Astroparticle Physics
ER -