Ammonia-tailoring of GAC to enhance perchlorate removal. I: Characterization of NH3 thermally tailored GACs

Weifang Chen; Fred S. Cannon; Jose R. Rangel-Mendez

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.10.024

Ammonia-tailoring of GAC to enhance perchlorate removal. I: Characterization of NH₃ thermally tailored GACs

Weifang Chen, Fred S. Cannon, Jose R. Rangel-Mendez

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

103 Scopus citations

Abstract

A commercially available bituminous granular activated carbon (GAC) was subjected to thermal treatment with ammonia for 60 min at temperatures of 500-800°C. The effect of this treatment on the physical and chemical characteristics of carbon was studied in detail. Comparison of virgin and NH₃-tailored carbons relative to pore volume distribution and argon-BET surface area indicated that ammonia acted as an activating agent under these conditions. Micropore volume increased with increasing treatment temperature up to 700°C; and then declined at 800°C. Elemental analysis results showed that nitrogen was incorporated into the carbon matrix during the thermal treatment as proven by an increase in N-content from 0.64% for virgin GAC up to 1.61-1.63% for all the tailored samples. The ammonia treatment caused an increase in positive surface charge density over a broad pH range; and this was reflected in a higher pHpzc and pH_IEP. This was attributed to the more basic nature of the carbon surface after its treatment in ammonia.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	573-580
Number of pages	8
Journal	Carbon
Volume	43
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2004.10.024
State	Published - 2005

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

General Chemistry
General Materials Science

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10.1016/j.carbon.2004.10.024

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title = "Ammonia-tailoring of GAC to enhance perchlorate removal. I: Characterization of NH3 thermally tailored GACs",

abstract = "A commercially available bituminous granular activated carbon (GAC) was subjected to thermal treatment with ammonia for 60 min at temperatures of 500-800°C. The effect of this treatment on the physical and chemical characteristics of carbon was studied in detail. Comparison of virgin and NH3-tailored carbons relative to pore volume distribution and argon-BET surface area indicated that ammonia acted as an activating agent under these conditions. Micropore volume increased with increasing treatment temperature up to 700°C; and then declined at 800°C. Elemental analysis results showed that nitrogen was incorporated into the carbon matrix during the thermal treatment as proven by an increase in N-content from 0.64% for virgin GAC up to 1.61-1.63% for all the tailored samples. The ammonia treatment caused an increase in positive surface charge density over a broad pH range; and this was reflected in a higher pHpzc and pHIEP. This was attributed to the more basic nature of the carbon surface after its treatment in ammonia.",

author = "Weifang Chen and Cannon, {Fred S.} and Rangel-Mendez, {Jose R.}",

note = "Funding Information: This research has been funded through the American Water Works Association Research Foundation, and the Department of Energy. The AWWARF funds originated from the US EPA; and this funding was prompted in part by the proactive activity of the East Valley Water District and Congressperson Jerry Lewis. The authors{\textquoteright} frequent interaction with US Filter and The City of Redlands is acknowledged. Thanks are extended to Robert Parette who conducted parallel research as a part of our Penn State team.",

year = "2005",

doi = "10.1016/j.carbon.2004.10.024",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "43",

pages = "573--580",

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T1 - Ammonia-tailoring of GAC to enhance perchlorate removal. I

T2 - Characterization of NH3 thermally tailored GACs

AU - Chen, Weifang

AU - Cannon, Fred S.

AU - Rangel-Mendez, Jose R.

N1 - Funding Information: This research has been funded through the American Water Works Association Research Foundation, and the Department of Energy. The AWWARF funds originated from the US EPA; and this funding was prompted in part by the proactive activity of the East Valley Water District and Congressperson Jerry Lewis. The authors’ frequent interaction with US Filter and The City of Redlands is acknowledged. Thanks are extended to Robert Parette who conducted parallel research as a part of our Penn State team.

PY - 2005

Y1 - 2005

N2 - A commercially available bituminous granular activated carbon (GAC) was subjected to thermal treatment with ammonia for 60 min at temperatures of 500-800°C. The effect of this treatment on the physical and chemical characteristics of carbon was studied in detail. Comparison of virgin and NH3-tailored carbons relative to pore volume distribution and argon-BET surface area indicated that ammonia acted as an activating agent under these conditions. Micropore volume increased with increasing treatment temperature up to 700°C; and then declined at 800°C. Elemental analysis results showed that nitrogen was incorporated into the carbon matrix during the thermal treatment as proven by an increase in N-content from 0.64% for virgin GAC up to 1.61-1.63% for all the tailored samples. The ammonia treatment caused an increase in positive surface charge density over a broad pH range; and this was reflected in a higher pHpzc and pHIEP. This was attributed to the more basic nature of the carbon surface after its treatment in ammonia.

AB - A commercially available bituminous granular activated carbon (GAC) was subjected to thermal treatment with ammonia for 60 min at temperatures of 500-800°C. The effect of this treatment on the physical and chemical characteristics of carbon was studied in detail. Comparison of virgin and NH3-tailored carbons relative to pore volume distribution and argon-BET surface area indicated that ammonia acted as an activating agent under these conditions. Micropore volume increased with increasing treatment temperature up to 700°C; and then declined at 800°C. Elemental analysis results showed that nitrogen was incorporated into the carbon matrix during the thermal treatment as proven by an increase in N-content from 0.64% for virgin GAC up to 1.61-1.63% for all the tailored samples. The ammonia treatment caused an increase in positive surface charge density over a broad pH range; and this was reflected in a higher pHpzc and pHIEP. This was attributed to the more basic nature of the carbon surface after its treatment in ammonia.

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Ammonia-tailoring of GAC to enhance perchlorate removal. I: Characterization of NH₃ thermally tailored GACs

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