TY - JOUR
T1 - An adaptive teosinte mexicana introgression modulates phosphatidylcholine levels and is associated with maize flowering time
AU - Barnes, Allison C.
AU - Rodríguez-Zapata, Fausto
AU - Juárez-Núñez, Karla A.
AU - Gates, Daniel J.
AU - Janzen, Garrett M.
AU - Kur, Andi
AU - Wang, Li
AU - Jensen, Sarah E.
AU - Estévez-Palmas, Juan M.
AU - Crow, Taylor M.
AU - Kavi, Heli S.
AU - Pil, Hannah D.
AU - Stokes, Ruthie L.
AU - Knizner, Kevan T.
AU - Aguilar-Rangel, Maria R.
AU - Demesa-Arévalo, Edgar
AU - Skopelitis, Tara
AU - Pérez-Limón, Sergio
AU - Stutts, Whitney L.
AU - Thompson, Peter
AU - Chiu, Yu Chun
AU - Jackson, David
AU - Muddiman, David C.
AU - Fiehn, Oliver
AU - Runcie, Daniel
AU - Buckler, Edward S.
AU - Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey
AU - Hufford, Matthew B.
AU - Sawers, Ruairidh J.H.
AU - Rellán-Álvarez, Rubén
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 the Author(s).
PY - 2022/7/5
Y1 - 2022/7/5
N2 - Native Americans domesticated maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) from lowland teosinte parviglumis (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) in the warm Mexican southwest and brought it to the highlands of Mexico and South America where it was exposed to lower temperatures that imposed strong selection on flowering time. Phospholipids are important metabolites in plant responses to low-temperature and phosphorus availability and have been suggested to influence flowering time. Here, we combined linkage mapping with genome scans to identify High PhosphatidylCholine 1 (HPC1), a gene that encodes a phospholipase A1 enzyme, as a major driver of phospholipid variation in highland maize. Common garden experiments demonstrated strong genotype-by-environment interactions associated with variation at HPC1, with the highland HPC1 allele leading to higher fitness in highlands, possibly by hastening flowering. The highland maize HPC1 variant resulted in impaired function of the encoded protein due to a polymorphism in a highly conserved sequence. A meta-analysis across HPC1 orthologs indicated a strong association between the identity of the amino acid at this position and optimal growth in prokaryotes. Mutagenesis of HPC1 via genome editing validated its role in regulating phospholipid metabolism. Finally, we showed that the highland HPC1 allele entered cultivated maize by introgression from the wild highland teosinte Zea mays ssp. mexicana and has been maintained in maize breeding lines from the Northern United States, Canada, and Europe. Thus, HPC1 introgressed from teosinte mexicana underlies a large metabolic QTL that modulates phosphatidylcholine levels and has an adaptive effect at least in part via induction of early flowering time.
AB - Native Americans domesticated maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) from lowland teosinte parviglumis (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) in the warm Mexican southwest and brought it to the highlands of Mexico and South America where it was exposed to lower temperatures that imposed strong selection on flowering time. Phospholipids are important metabolites in plant responses to low-temperature and phosphorus availability and have been suggested to influence flowering time. Here, we combined linkage mapping with genome scans to identify High PhosphatidylCholine 1 (HPC1), a gene that encodes a phospholipase A1 enzyme, as a major driver of phospholipid variation in highland maize. Common garden experiments demonstrated strong genotype-by-environment interactions associated with variation at HPC1, with the highland HPC1 allele leading to higher fitness in highlands, possibly by hastening flowering. The highland maize HPC1 variant resulted in impaired function of the encoded protein due to a polymorphism in a highly conserved sequence. A meta-analysis across HPC1 orthologs indicated a strong association between the identity of the amino acid at this position and optimal growth in prokaryotes. Mutagenesis of HPC1 via genome editing validated its role in regulating phospholipid metabolism. Finally, we showed that the highland HPC1 allele entered cultivated maize by introgression from the wild highland teosinte Zea mays ssp. mexicana and has been maintained in maize breeding lines from the Northern United States, Canada, and Europe. Thus, HPC1 introgressed from teosinte mexicana underlies a large metabolic QTL that modulates phosphatidylcholine levels and has an adaptive effect at least in part via induction of early flowering time.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85133234461&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85133234461&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1073/pnas.2100036119
DO - 10.1073/pnas.2100036119
M3 - Article
C2 - 35771940
AN - SCOPUS:85133234461
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 119
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
IS - 27
M1 - e2100036119
ER -