TY - JOUR
T1 - An Electronic Aerosol Delivery System for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
AU - Hobkirk, Andréa L.
AU - Bitzer, Zachary
AU - Goel, Reema
AU - Sica, Christopher T.
AU - Livelsberger, Craig
AU - Yingst, Jessica
AU - Houser, Kenneth R.
AU - Rupprecht, Sebastian
AU - Trushin, Neil
AU - Karunanayaka, Prasanna
AU - Foulds, Jonathan
AU - Richie, John P.
AU - Spreen, Lauren
AU - Hoglen, Brianna
AU - Wang, Jianli
AU - Elias, Ryan J.
AU - Yang, Qing X.
N1 - Funding Information:
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This project was supported by the Penn State CTSI Grant (UL-TR000127 & UL1-TR002014) from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health and the Penn State University Highmark Gift Fund. ALH is supported by a National Institute on Drug Abuse career development award (K23-DA045081). This project was facilitated by the Penn State College of Medicine MRI Core Facility and is funded in part under a grant with the Pennsylvania Department of Health using Tobacco CURE Funds. The Department of Health specifically disclaims responsibility for any analysis, interpretations or conclusions. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.
Funding Information:
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This project was supported by the Penn State CTSI Grant (UL-TR000127 & UL1-TR002014) from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health and the Penn State University Highmark Gift Fund. ALH is supported by a National Institute on Drug Abuse career development award (K23-DA045081). This project was facilitated by the Penn State College of Medicine MRI Core Facility and is funded in part under a grant with the Pennsylvania Department of Health using Tobacco CURE Funds. The Department of Health specifically disclaims responsibility for any analysis, interpretations or conclusions. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2020.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Background: Public health concerns over the addictive potential of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have heightened in recent years. Brain function during e-cig use could provide an objective measure of the addictive potential of new vaping products to facilitate research; however, there are limited methods for delivering e-cig aerosols during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The current study describes the development and feasibility testing of a prototype to deliver up to four different e-cig aerosols during fMRI. Methods: Standardized methods were used to test the devices’ air flow variability, nicotine yield, and free radical production. MRI scans were run with and without the device present to assess its safety and effects on MRI data quality. Five daily smokers were recruited to assess plasma nicotine absorption from e-liquids containing nicotine concentrations of 8, 11, 16, 24, and 36 mg/ml. Feedback was collected from participants through a semi-structured interview and computerized questionnaire to assess comfort and subjective experiences of inhaling aerosol from the device. Results: Nicotine yield captured from the aerosol produced by the device was highly correlated with the nicotine concentration of the e-liquids used (R2 = 0.965). Nicotine yield was reduced by a mean of 48% and free radical production by 17% after traveling through the device. The e-liquid containing the highest nicotine concentration tested (36 mg/ml) resulted in the highest plasma nicotine boost (6.6 ng/ml). Overall, participants reported that the device was comfortable to use and inhaling the e-cig aerosols was tolerable. The device was determined to be safe for use during fMRI and had insignificant effects on scan quality. Conclusions: With the current project, we were able to design a working prototype that safely and effectively delivers e-cig aerosols during fMRI. The device has the potential to be used to assess brain activation during e-cig use and to compare brain reactivity to varying flavors, nicotine concentrations, and other e-cig characteristics.
AB - Background: Public health concerns over the addictive potential of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have heightened in recent years. Brain function during e-cig use could provide an objective measure of the addictive potential of new vaping products to facilitate research; however, there are limited methods for delivering e-cig aerosols during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The current study describes the development and feasibility testing of a prototype to deliver up to four different e-cig aerosols during fMRI. Methods: Standardized methods were used to test the devices’ air flow variability, nicotine yield, and free radical production. MRI scans were run with and without the device present to assess its safety and effects on MRI data quality. Five daily smokers were recruited to assess plasma nicotine absorption from e-liquids containing nicotine concentrations of 8, 11, 16, 24, and 36 mg/ml. Feedback was collected from participants through a semi-structured interview and computerized questionnaire to assess comfort and subjective experiences of inhaling aerosol from the device. Results: Nicotine yield captured from the aerosol produced by the device was highly correlated with the nicotine concentration of the e-liquids used (R2 = 0.965). Nicotine yield was reduced by a mean of 48% and free radical production by 17% after traveling through the device. The e-liquid containing the highest nicotine concentration tested (36 mg/ml) resulted in the highest plasma nicotine boost (6.6 ng/ml). Overall, participants reported that the device was comfortable to use and inhaling the e-cig aerosols was tolerable. The device was determined to be safe for use during fMRI and had insignificant effects on scan quality. Conclusions: With the current project, we were able to design a working prototype that safely and effectively delivers e-cig aerosols during fMRI. The device has the potential to be used to assess brain activation during e-cig use and to compare brain reactivity to varying flavors, nicotine concentrations, and other e-cig characteristics.
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U2 - 10.1177/1178221820904140
DO - 10.1177/1178221820904140
M3 - Article
C2 - 32095075
AN - SCOPUS:85079504889
SN - 1178-2218
VL - 14
JO - Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
JF - Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
ER -