@article{9df67a1379a44ff4ac76a58f1d4db60c,
title = "An evaluation of the effects of resolved shear-Driven atmospheric turbulence on ship airwakes",
abstract = "In the present work, the influence of a neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) on a ship airwake is evaluated in the context of helicopter operations in complex environments. A ship geometry representing the Simple Frigate Shape 2 is immersed into a large eddy simulation–resolving, unsteady ABL. The ship is modeled using the immersed boundary method to simulate complex geometry in the context of a Cartesian mesh. Several baseline, uniform-inflow cases establish the agreement with both previous computational fluid dynamics results and experimental data. Comparison of the baseline uniform-inflow cases to the ABL cases provides insight into the fundamental topology differences present in real airwakes. It is observed that ship airwakes are considerably different in the simulated unsteady ABL. Specifically, the ABL cases display an increased high-frequency energy content associated with small-scale turbulent fluctuations. These additional effects on the airwake can potentially affect the operation of helicopters in the highly unsteady airwake region and thus should be taken into consideration for more realistic dynamic interface modeling.",
author = "Regis Thedin and Kinzel, {Michael P.} and Sven Schmitz",
note = "Funding Information: aFrom the National Research Council, Canada. As reported by Ref. 8. Funding Information: This research was partially supported by the University Graduate Fellowship (UGF) program at The Pennsylvania State University and by the Government under Agreement No. W911W6-17-2-0003. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Aviation Development Directorate or the U.S Government. The CFD images and postprocessing were created using FieldView as provided by Intelligent Light through its University Partners Programs. The authors are grateful for the support from Dr. Earl Duque. We also thank Dr. Nicholas Rosenfeld and Dr. Peter Bi from the NSWCCD for kindly providing the experimental data used. In addition, the insight, fruitful discussions, and assistance with the modeling effort from Dr. Adam Lavely are appreciated. The simulations were made possible on high-performance computing infrastructure available in the Department of Aerospace Engineering. Many thanks are directed to Mr. Kirk Heller, system administrator of the Aerospace computing clusters. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 AHS International.",
year = "2018",
month = apr,
doi = "10.4050/JAHS.63.022009",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "63",
journal = "Journal of the American Helicopter Society",
issn = "0002-8711",
publisher = "American Helicopter Society",
number = "2",
}