An Input-to-State Safety Approach Toward Thermal Fault-Tolerant Battery Cells

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cells remain susceptible to various forms of failures that originate from several sources, including thermal abuse conditions. Many of these failures often result in thermal anomalies leading to runaway conditions. In order to address such critical issue, extensive research has been conducted on safer battery materials and mechanical designs. However, battery control systems can also play a crucial role in such endeavor. In this work, we focus on this issue and propose a thermal fault-tolerant control algorithm based on the notion of input-to-state safety, which has garnered attention in various other safety-critical applications, including robotics and automotive systems. The control design process utilizes a lumped parameter thermal model and ordinary differential equation (ODE)-based practical input-to-state safety technique to formulate the thermal control problem. The design problem solves for control parameters using the barrier function and linear stability analysis. We present simulation studies to validate the proposed framework.