TY - JOUR
T1 - An Overview of Botulinum Toxins
T2 - Past, Present, and Future
AU - Cartee, Todd V.
AU - Monheit, Gary D.
N1 - Funding Information:
Dr Cartee has no relevant conflicts of interest. Dr Monheit receives funding from Allergan Corporation, consultant and clinical investigator, Juvederm ; Dermik Laboratories, clinical investigator, Sculptra; Genzyme Corporation, consultant and clinical investigator, Captique, Prevelle; J & J, consultant; Contura, clinical investigator, Aquamid; Ipsen/Medicis, consultant and clinical investigator, Dysport; Electro-Optical Sciences, Inc, consultant and clinical investigator, Melafind; Revance, consultant and clinical investigator; Kythera, clinical investigator; Galderma, consultant and clinical investigator; Mentor, consultant and clinical investigator; Merz, consultant and clinical investigator.
PY - 2011/7
Y1 - 2011/7
N2 - Although the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin (BTX) has been intensively studied, many unanswered questions remain regarding the composition and clinical properties of the two formulations of BTX currently approved for cosmetic use. In the first half of this review, these questions are explored in detail, with emphasis on the most pertinent and revelatory studies in the literature. The second half delineates most of the common and some not so common uses of BTX in the face and neck, stressing important patient selection and safety considerations. Complications from neurotoxins at cosmetic doses are generally rare and usually technique dependent.
AB - Although the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin (BTX) has been intensively studied, many unanswered questions remain regarding the composition and clinical properties of the two formulations of BTX currently approved for cosmetic use. In the first half of this review, these questions are explored in detail, with emphasis on the most pertinent and revelatory studies in the literature. The second half delineates most of the common and some not so common uses of BTX in the face and neck, stressing important patient selection and safety considerations. Complications from neurotoxins at cosmetic doses are generally rare and usually technique dependent.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.cps.2011.03.010
DO - 10.1016/j.cps.2011.03.010
M3 - Review article
C2 - 21824539
AN - SCOPUS:79961120309
SN - 0094-1298
VL - 38
SP - 409
EP - 426
JO - Clinics in Plastic Surgery
JF - Clinics in Plastic Surgery
IS - 3
ER -