Analysis of gas turbine rim cavity ingestion with axial purge flow injection

Turbine rim cavities require an adequate supply of cooling purge flow to prevent hot gas ingestion from overheating metal components beneath the gas path airfoils. Purge flow is typically introduced into rim cavities through a labyrinth seal at the inner diameter of the cavity, or through conduits in the metal walls of the rim cavity. This numerical study will focus on purge flow introduced through axial holes in the stationary side of a turbine realistic rim cavity. Three dimensional Unsteady Reynolds-average Navier-Stokes (URANS) CFD modeling is utilized to model of cavity sealing effectiveness as a function of axial purge flow rate. CFD modeling is compared with experimental data from the test turbine in the Steady Thermal Aero Research Turbine (START). Results show good agreement with experimental data, especially at lower purge flow rates. Analytical depictions of the flow field setup in the rim cavity are provided, explaining trends observed in experimental data. Differences in sealing effectiveness trends between the upper and lower portions of the rim cavity are predicted by CFD modeling, adding insight to ingestion phenomena in turbine realistic rim cavities with complex geometry and flow leakage paths.