Analyzing Two Decades of Leukemia Mortality in the U.S. (1999-2020)

Background: Leukemia is a hematologic malignancy with varying incidence and outcomes influenced by demographic and geographic factors. Understanding mortality trends and disparities is essential for guiding public health policy. Objective: To analyze leukemia mortality trends in the U.S. from 1999 to 2020, focusing on age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs), disparities, and geographic patterns. Methods: Data from the CDC WONDER database were analyzed, covering leukemia-related deaths (ICD-10 codes C91-C95). Age groups were stratified into < 45 and ≥ 45 years. Joinpoint regression models estimated annual percentage changes (APCs). Data were examined by demographics, census regions, and urbanization levels. Results: AAMRs for individuals ≥ 45 years declined by an APC of −0.90% but increased slightly from 2018 to 2020. Males, non-Hispanic Whites, and rural populations exhibited higher AAMRs. Among individuals < 45 years old, AAMRs consistently declined with minimal disparities. Acute myeloid leukemia was predominant among older adults, while acute lymphoblastic leukemia affected younger populations. Conclusion: Despite overall declines in leukemia mortality, persistent disparities across age, gender, and geographic regions highlight inequities in healthcare access. Strategic interventions are required to address these gaps and enhance leukemia care nationwide.