And we are still not saved: Critical race theory in education ten years later

In 1995, Teachers College Record published an article by Gloria Ladson-Billings and William Tate entitled 'Toward a critical race theory of education'. In this article, the authors proposed that critical race theory (CRT), a framework developed by legal scholars, could be employed to examine the role of race and racism in education. Within a few years of the publication of the article by Ladson-Billings and Tate, several scholars in education had begun to describe their work as reflecting a CRT framework. In this article, we review the literature on CRT in education that has been published over the past ten years. We also assess how far we have come with respect to CRT in education and suggest where we might go from here.