Anesthetic protocol: Propofol use in Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) during magnetic resonance imaging with stereotactic head frame application

Magnetic resonance image (MRI) guidance is often necessary for accurate targeting for stereotactic intracranial surgery in animals used for experimental research studies. The magnetic field created by the MR imaging equipment, logistics of the use of stereotactic head frame in confined space and the need to limit movement of the subject during the imaging creates unique challenges. We demonstrate in this study the usefulness of intravenous propofol to anesthetize adult Rhesus monkeys to obtain high resolution 3D MR images immediately followed by conversion to inhalation anesthesia and stereotactic intracranial surgery with the head frame 'in situ.' There was minimal morbidity with achieving a high degree of precision for the stereotactic targeting.