Application of sustainable techniques in grinding process for enhanced machinability: a review

Conventional cutting fluids are widely employed globally as coolants and lubricants in grinding operations. However, these fluids pose significant environmental and biological risks. To mitigate these adverse effects, a shift towards sustainable machining techniques is imperative. Sustainable approaches involve minimal cutting fluid usage, cryogenic cooling, utilization of vegetable oils, and the use of coated grinding wheels. The fluids employed in sustainable machining are known for their complete biodegradability and eco-friendliness. This paper provides a comprehensive review of modern sustainable techniques in metal-cutting processes. It reveals that these sustainable methods often yield superior results, including enhanced surface quality, prolonged tool life, reduced cutting temperatures, and diminished cutting forces when compared to conventional wet machining. The primary aim of this review is to identify and promote various sustainable techniques in metal machining, fostering cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness in the grinding process.