Are They Prepared? Comparing Intern Milestone Performance of Accelerated 3-Year and 4-Year Medical Graduates

Sally A. Santen; Sandra Yingling; Sean O. Hogan; Christina M. Vitto; Christin M. Traba; Lisa Strano-Paul; Alex N. Robinson; Annette C. Reboli; Shou Ling Leong; Betsy G. Jones; Alicia Gonzalez-Flores; Megan E. Grinnell; Lisa G. Dodson; Catherine L. Coe; Joan Cangiarella; Ericka L. Bruce; Judee Richardson; Matthew L. Hunsaker; Eric S. Holmboe; Yoon Soo Park

doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000005855

Are They Prepared? Comparing Intern Milestone Performance of Accelerated 3-Year and 4-Year Medical Graduates

Sally A. Santen, Sandra Yingling, Sean O. Hogan, Christina M. Vitto, Christin M. Traba, Lisa Strano-Paul, Alex N. Robinson, Annette C. Reboli, Shou Ling Leong, Betsy G. Jones, Alicia Gonzalez-Flores, Megan E. Grinnell, Lisa G. Dodson, Catherine L. Coe, Joan Cangiarella, Ericka L. Bruce, Judee Richardson, Matthew L. Hunsaker, Eric S. Holmboe, Yoon Soo Park

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

Purpose Accelerated 3-year programs (A3YPs) at medical schools were developed to address student debt and mitigate workforce shortage issues. This study investigated whether medical school length (3 vs 4 years) was associated with early residency performance. The primary research question was as follows: Are the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestones (MS) attained by A3YP graduates comparable to graduates of traditional 4-year programs (T4YPs) at 6 and 12 months into internship? Method The MS data from students entering U.S. medical schools in 2021 and 2022 from the 6 largest specialties were used: emergency medicine, family medicine, internal medicine, general surgery, psychiatry, and pediatrics. Three-year and 4-year graduates were matched for analysis (2,899 matched learners: 182 in A3YPs and 2,717 in T4YPs). The study used a noninferiority study design to examine data trends between the study cohort (A3YP) and control cohort (T4YP). To account for medical school and residency program effects, the authors used cross-classified random-effects regression to account for clustering and estimate group differences. Results The mean Harmonized MS ratings for the midyear and end-year reporting periods showed no significant differences between the A3YP and T4YP groups (mean [SE] cross-classified coefficient = 0.01 [0.02], P =.77). Mean MS ratings across internal medicine MS for the midyear and end-year reporting periods showed no significant differences between the A3YP and T4YP groups (mean [SE] cross-classified coefficient = -0.03 [0.03], P =.31). Similarly, for family medicine, there were no statistically significant differences between the A3YP and T4YP groups (mean [SE] cross-classified coefficient = 0.01 [0.02], P =.96). Conclusions For the specialties studied, there were no significant differences in MS performance between 3-year and 4-year graduates at 6 and 12 months into internship. These results support comparable efficacy of A3YPs in preparing medical students for residency.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1267-1277
Number of pages	11
Journal	Academic Medicine
Volume	99
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000005855
State	Published - Nov 1 2024

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Education

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10.1097/ACM.0000000000005855

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Santen, S. A., Yingling, S., Hogan, S. O., Vitto, C. M., Traba, C. M., Strano-Paul, L., Robinson, A. N., Reboli, A. C., Leong, S. L., Jones, B. G., Gonzalez-Flores, A., Grinnell, M. E., Dodson, L. G., Coe, C. L., Cangiarella, J., Bruce, E. L., Richardson, J., Hunsaker, M. L., Holmboe, E. S., & Park, Y. S. (2024). Are They Prepared? Comparing Intern Milestone Performance of Accelerated 3-Year and 4-Year Medical Graduates. Academic Medicine, 99(11), 1267-1277. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000005855

@article{7c778cfa4890447893ede073ef6a9cca,

title = "Are They Prepared? Comparing Intern Milestone Performance of Accelerated 3-Year and 4-Year Medical Graduates",

abstract = "Purpose Accelerated 3-year programs (A3YPs) at medical schools were developed to address student debt and mitigate workforce shortage issues. This study investigated whether medical school length (3 vs 4 years) was associated with early residency performance. The primary research question was as follows: Are the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestones (MS) attained by A3YP graduates comparable to graduates of traditional 4-year programs (T4YPs) at 6 and 12 months into internship? Method The MS data from students entering U.S. medical schools in 2021 and 2022 from the 6 largest specialties were used: emergency medicine, family medicine, internal medicine, general surgery, psychiatry, and pediatrics. Three-year and 4-year graduates were matched for analysis (2,899 matched learners: 182 in A3YPs and 2,717 in T4YPs). The study used a noninferiority study design to examine data trends between the study cohort (A3YP) and control cohort (T4YP). To account for medical school and residency program effects, the authors used cross-classified random-effects regression to account for clustering and estimate group differences. Results The mean Harmonized MS ratings for the midyear and end-year reporting periods showed no significant differences between the A3YP and T4YP groups (mean [SE] cross-classified coefficient = 0.01 [0.02], P =.77). Mean MS ratings across internal medicine MS for the midyear and end-year reporting periods showed no significant differences between the A3YP and T4YP groups (mean [SE] cross-classified coefficient = -0.03 [0.03], P =.31). Similarly, for family medicine, there were no statistically significant differences between the A3YP and T4YP groups (mean [SE] cross-classified coefficient = 0.01 [0.02], P =.96). Conclusions For the specialties studied, there were no significant differences in MS performance between 3-year and 4-year graduates at 6 and 12 months into internship. These results support comparable efficacy of A3YPs in preparing medical students for residency.",

author = "Santen, {Sally A.} and Sandra Yingling and Hogan, {Sean O.} and Vitto, {Christina M.} and Traba, {Christin M.} and Lisa Strano-Paul and Robinson, {Alex N.} and Reboli, {Annette C.} and Leong, {Shou Ling} and Jones, {Betsy G.} and Alicia Gonzalez-Flores and Grinnell, {Megan E.} and Dodson, {Lisa G.} and Coe, {Catherine L.} and Joan Cangiarella and Bruce, {Ericka L.} and Judee Richardson and Hunsaker, {Matthew L.} and Holmboe, {Eric S.} and Park, {Yoon Soo}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.",

year = "2024",

month = nov,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1097/ACM.0000000000005855",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "99",

pages = "1267--1277",

journal = "Academic Medicine",

issn = "1040-2446",

publisher = "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.",

number = "11",

}

Santen, SA, Yingling, S, Hogan, SO, Vitto, CM, Traba, CM, Strano-Paul, L, Robinson, AN, Reboli, AC, Leong, SL, Jones, BG, Gonzalez-Flores, A, Grinnell, ME, Dodson, LG, Coe, CL, Cangiarella, J, Bruce, EL, Richardson, J, Hunsaker, ML, Holmboe, ES & Park, YS 2024, 'Are They Prepared? Comparing Intern Milestone Performance of Accelerated 3-Year and 4-Year Medical Graduates', Academic Medicine, vol. 99, no. 11, pp. 1267-1277. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000005855

TY - JOUR

T1 - Are They Prepared? Comparing Intern Milestone Performance of Accelerated 3-Year and 4-Year Medical Graduates

AU - Santen, Sally A.

AU - Yingling, Sandra

AU - Hogan, Sean O.

AU - Vitto, Christina M.

AU - Traba, Christin M.

AU - Strano-Paul, Lisa

AU - Robinson, Alex N.

AU - Reboli, Annette C.

AU - Leong, Shou Ling

AU - Jones, Betsy G.

AU - Gonzalez-Flores, Alicia

AU - Grinnell, Megan E.

AU - Dodson, Lisa G.

AU - Coe, Catherine L.

AU - Cangiarella, Joan

AU - Bruce, Ericka L.

AU - Richardson, Judee

AU - Hunsaker, Matthew L.

AU - Holmboe, Eric S.

AU - Park, Yoon Soo

PY - 2024/11/1

Y1 - 2024/11/1

N2 - Purpose Accelerated 3-year programs (A3YPs) at medical schools were developed to address student debt and mitigate workforce shortage issues. This study investigated whether medical school length (3 vs 4 years) was associated with early residency performance. The primary research question was as follows: Are the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestones (MS) attained by A3YP graduates comparable to graduates of traditional 4-year programs (T4YPs) at 6 and 12 months into internship? Method The MS data from students entering U.S. medical schools in 2021 and 2022 from the 6 largest specialties were used: emergency medicine, family medicine, internal medicine, general surgery, psychiatry, and pediatrics. Three-year and 4-year graduates were matched for analysis (2,899 matched learners: 182 in A3YPs and 2,717 in T4YPs). The study used a noninferiority study design to examine data trends between the study cohort (A3YP) and control cohort (T4YP). To account for medical school and residency program effects, the authors used cross-classified random-effects regression to account for clustering and estimate group differences. Results The mean Harmonized MS ratings for the midyear and end-year reporting periods showed no significant differences between the A3YP and T4YP groups (mean [SE] cross-classified coefficient = 0.01 [0.02], P =.77). Mean MS ratings across internal medicine MS for the midyear and end-year reporting periods showed no significant differences between the A3YP and T4YP groups (mean [SE] cross-classified coefficient = -0.03 [0.03], P =.31). Similarly, for family medicine, there were no statistically significant differences between the A3YP and T4YP groups (mean [SE] cross-classified coefficient = 0.01 [0.02], P =.96). Conclusions For the specialties studied, there were no significant differences in MS performance between 3-year and 4-year graduates at 6 and 12 months into internship. These results support comparable efficacy of A3YPs in preparing medical students for residency.

AB - Purpose Accelerated 3-year programs (A3YPs) at medical schools were developed to address student debt and mitigate workforce shortage issues. This study investigated whether medical school length (3 vs 4 years) was associated with early residency performance. The primary research question was as follows: Are the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestones (MS) attained by A3YP graduates comparable to graduates of traditional 4-year programs (T4YPs) at 6 and 12 months into internship? Method The MS data from students entering U.S. medical schools in 2021 and 2022 from the 6 largest specialties were used: emergency medicine, family medicine, internal medicine, general surgery, psychiatry, and pediatrics. Three-year and 4-year graduates were matched for analysis (2,899 matched learners: 182 in A3YPs and 2,717 in T4YPs). The study used a noninferiority study design to examine data trends between the study cohort (A3YP) and control cohort (T4YP). To account for medical school and residency program effects, the authors used cross-classified random-effects regression to account for clustering and estimate group differences. Results The mean Harmonized MS ratings for the midyear and end-year reporting periods showed no significant differences between the A3YP and T4YP groups (mean [SE] cross-classified coefficient = 0.01 [0.02], P =.77). Mean MS ratings across internal medicine MS for the midyear and end-year reporting periods showed no significant differences between the A3YP and T4YP groups (mean [SE] cross-classified coefficient = -0.03 [0.03], P =.31). Similarly, for family medicine, there were no statistically significant differences between the A3YP and T4YP groups (mean [SE] cross-classified coefficient = 0.01 [0.02], P =.96). Conclusions For the specialties studied, there were no significant differences in MS performance between 3-year and 4-year graduates at 6 and 12 months into internship. These results support comparable efficacy of A3YPs in preparing medical students for residency.

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JO - Academic Medicine

JF - Academic Medicine

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ER -

Are They Prepared? Comparing Intern Milestone Performance of Accelerated 3-Year and 4-Year Medical Graduates

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