Assessment and orthotic management of gait dysfunction in individuals with traumatic brain injury

The basics of gait and orthotic intervention as they apply to patients with brain injury are reviewed and the potential use of surgical or pharmacologic intervention noted, where appropriate. Most patients who survive a traumatic brain injury or other brain insult achieve at least limited ambulation. Use of orthoses, shoe modifications, and other types of interventions can be beneficial to optimize functional walking capabilities, reduce pain, slow progression of musculoskeletal sequelae (contracture, orthopedic misalignment, etc.), and encourage improved functional level with resulting gains in quality of life.