@article{6ac7329e18ce46a6bcc0e59a051b7059,
title = "Assessment of methane emissions from the U.S. oil and gas supply chain",
abstract = "Methane emissions from the U.S. oil and natural gas supply chain were estimated by using ground-based, facility-scale measurements and validated with aircraft observations in areas accounting for ~30% of U.S. gas production. When scaled up nationally, our facility-based estimate of 2015 supply chain emissions is 13 ± 2 teragrams per year, equivalent to 2.3% of gross U.S. gas production. This value is ~60% higher than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency inventory estimate, likely because existing inventory methods miss emissions released during abnormal operating conditions. Methane emissions of this magnitude, per unit of natural gas consumed, produce radiative forcing over a 20-year time horizon comparable to the CO2 from natural gas combustion. Substantial emission reductions are feasible through rapid detection of the root causes of high emissions and deployment of less failure-prone systems.",
author = "Alvarez, {Ram{\'o}n A.} and Daniel Zavala-Araiza and Lyon, {David R.} and Allen, {David T.} and Barkley, {Zachary R.} and Brandt, {Adam R.} and Davis, {Kenneth J.} and Herndon, {Scott C.} and Jacob, {Daniel J.} and Anna Karion and Kort, {Eric A.} and Lamb, {Brian K.} and Thomas Lauvaux and Maasakkers, {Joannes D.} and Marchese, {Anthony J.} and Mark Omara and Pacala, {Stephen W.} and Jeff Peischl and Robinson, {Allen L.} and Shepson, {Paul B.} and Colm Sweeney and Amy Townsend-Small and Wofsy, {Steven C.} and Hamburg, {Steven P.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors are grateful to R. Harriss for support in the design and conduct of studies. We thank D. Zimmerle, A. Robertson, and A. Pintar for helpful discussions, and the scores of researchers that contributed to the body of work assessed here. Funding: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Fiona and Stan Druckenmiller, Heising-Simons Foundation, Bill and Susan Oberndorf, Betsy and Sam Reeves, Robertson Foundation, TomKat Charitable Trust, and the Walton Family Foundation (for EDF authors as well as support of related studies involving D.T.A, S.C.H., A.K., E.A.K., B.K.L., A.J.M., A.L.R., P.B.S., C.S., A.T.-S., S.C.W.); DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory (Z.R.B., K.J.D., T.L., A.L.R.); NASA Earth Science Division (D.J.J., E.A.K., J.D.M.); NOAA Climate Program Office (E.A.K., J.P., A.L.R., C.S.). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Authors.",
year = "2018",
month = jul,
day = "13",
doi = "10.1126/science.aar7204",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "361",
pages = "186--188",
journal = "Science",
issn = "0036-8075",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "6398",
}