TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations between metabolic syndrome and anthropogenic heat emissions in northeastern China
AU - Cong, Jianping
AU - Wang, Le Bing
AU - Liu, Fang Jie
AU - Qian, Zhengmin (Min)
AU - McMillin, Stephen Edward
AU - Vaughn, Michael G.
AU - Song, Yimeng
AU - Wang, Shasha
AU - Chen, Shan Shan
AU - Xiong, Shimin
AU - Shen, Xubo
AU - Sun, Xiao
AU - Zhou, Yuanzhong
AU - Ho, Hung Chak
AU - Dong, Guang Hui
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2022/3
Y1 - 2022/3
N2 - Background: Recent research attention has been paid to anthropogenic heat emissions (AE), temperature increase generated by human activity such as lighting, transportation, manufacturing, construction, and building climate controls. However, there is no epidemiological data available to investigate the association between anthropogenic heat emissions and metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of conditions that increase risk of stroke, heart disease and diabetes. Objective: To explore the relationships between AE and MetS in China. Methods: We recruited 15,477 adults from the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study, a cross-sectional study in northeastern China. We retrieved anthropogenic heat flux by collecting socio-economic and energy consumption data as well as satellite-based nighttime light and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index datasets, including emissions from buildings, transportation, human metabolism, and industries. We also measured MetS components consisting of triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference. Restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the associations between AE and MetS. Results: The median flux of total AE was 30.98 W/m2 and industrial AE was the dominant contributor (87.64%). The adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) of MetS for the 75th and 95th percentiles of the total AE against the threshold were 1.29 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.38) and 1.65 (95% CI: 1.47, 1.85). Greater AE was associated with higher odds of MetS in a dose-response pattern, and the lowest point of U-shape curve indicated the threshold effect. Participants who are young and middle-aged exhibited stronger associations between AE and MetS. Conclusions: Our novel findings reveal that AE are positively associated with MetS and that associations are modified by age. Further investigations into the mechanisms of the effects are needed.
AB - Background: Recent research attention has been paid to anthropogenic heat emissions (AE), temperature increase generated by human activity such as lighting, transportation, manufacturing, construction, and building climate controls. However, there is no epidemiological data available to investigate the association between anthropogenic heat emissions and metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of conditions that increase risk of stroke, heart disease and diabetes. Objective: To explore the relationships between AE and MetS in China. Methods: We recruited 15,477 adults from the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study, a cross-sectional study in northeastern China. We retrieved anthropogenic heat flux by collecting socio-economic and energy consumption data as well as satellite-based nighttime light and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index datasets, including emissions from buildings, transportation, human metabolism, and industries. We also measured MetS components consisting of triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference. Restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the associations between AE and MetS. Results: The median flux of total AE was 30.98 W/m2 and industrial AE was the dominant contributor (87.64%). The adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) of MetS for the 75th and 95th percentiles of the total AE against the threshold were 1.29 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.38) and 1.65 (95% CI: 1.47, 1.85). Greater AE was associated with higher odds of MetS in a dose-response pattern, and the lowest point of U-shape curve indicated the threshold effect. Participants who are young and middle-aged exhibited stronger associations between AE and MetS. Conclusions: Our novel findings reveal that AE are positively associated with MetS and that associations are modified by age. Further investigations into the mechanisms of the effects are needed.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111974
DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111974
M3 - Article
C2 - 34480945
AN - SCOPUS:85114192642
SN - 0013-9351
VL - 204
JO - Environmental Research
JF - Environmental Research
M1 - 111974
ER -