TY - JOUR
T1 - Asymmetric Responses to Climate Change
T2 - Temperature Differentially Alters Herbivore Salivary Elicitor and Host Plant Responses to Herbivory
AU - Paudel, Sulav
AU - Lin, Po An
AU - Hoover, Kelli
AU - Felton, Gary W.
AU - Rajotte, Edwin G.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Michelle Peiffer for her continuous assistance in carrying out the study. This study was supported by grants from the Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab (IPM IL), United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Agreement No. AID-OAA-L-15-00001 (to E.G.R), US Department of Agriculture Grant AFRI 2017- 67013-26596 (to G.W.F. and K.H.) and National Science Foundation Grant IOS- 1645548 (to G.W.F. and K.H.)
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
PY - 2020/9/1
Y1 - 2020/9/1
N2 - The effect of temperature on insect-plant interactions in the face of changing climate is complex as the plant, its herbivores and their interactions are usually affected differentially leading to an asymmetry in response. Using experimental warming and a combination of biochemical and herbivory bioassays, the effects of elevated temperatures and herbivore damage (Helicoverpa zea) on resistance and tolerance traits of Solanum lycopersicum var. Better boy (tomato), as well as herbivory performance and salivary defense elicitors were examined. Insects and plants were differentially sensitive towards warming within the experimental temperature range. Herbivore growth rate increased with temperature, whereas plants growth as well as the ability to tolerate stress measured by photosynthesis recovery and regrowth ability were compromised at the highest temperature regime. In particular, temperature influenced the caterpillars’ capacity to induce plant defenses due to changes in the amount of a salivary defense elicitor, glucose oxidase (GOX). This was further complexed by the temperature effects on plant inducibility, which was significantly enhanced at an above-optimum temperature; this paralleled with an increased plants resistance to herbivory but significantly varied between previously damaged and undamaged leaves. Elevated temperatures produced asymmetry in species’ responses and changes in the relationship among species, indicating a more complicated response under a climate change scenario.
AB - The effect of temperature on insect-plant interactions in the face of changing climate is complex as the plant, its herbivores and their interactions are usually affected differentially leading to an asymmetry in response. Using experimental warming and a combination of biochemical and herbivory bioassays, the effects of elevated temperatures and herbivore damage (Helicoverpa zea) on resistance and tolerance traits of Solanum lycopersicum var. Better boy (tomato), as well as herbivory performance and salivary defense elicitors were examined. Insects and plants were differentially sensitive towards warming within the experimental temperature range. Herbivore growth rate increased with temperature, whereas plants growth as well as the ability to tolerate stress measured by photosynthesis recovery and regrowth ability were compromised at the highest temperature regime. In particular, temperature influenced the caterpillars’ capacity to induce plant defenses due to changes in the amount of a salivary defense elicitor, glucose oxidase (GOX). This was further complexed by the temperature effects on plant inducibility, which was significantly enhanced at an above-optimum temperature; this paralleled with an increased plants resistance to herbivory but significantly varied between previously damaged and undamaged leaves. Elevated temperatures produced asymmetry in species’ responses and changes in the relationship among species, indicating a more complicated response under a climate change scenario.
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U2 - 10.1007/s10886-020-01201-6
DO - 10.1007/s10886-020-01201-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 32700062
AN - SCOPUS:85088365665
SN - 0098-0331
VL - 46
SP - 891
EP - 905
JO - Journal of Chemical Ecology
JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology
IS - 9
ER -