@article{0060fab29db1441b880a0e0fb608d553,
title = "Atmospheric escape and evolution of terrestrial planets and satellites",
abstract = "The origin and evolution of Venus', Earth's, Mars' and Titan's atmospheres are discussed from the time when the active young Sun arrived at the Zero-Age-Main-Sequence. We show that the high EUV flux of the young Sun, depending on the thermospheric composition, the amount of IR-coolers and the mass and size of the planet, could have been responsible that hydrostatic equilibrium was not always maintained and hydrodynamic flow and expansion of the upper atmosphere resulting in adiabatic cooling of the exobase temperature could develop. Furthermore, thermal and various nonthermal atmospheric escape processes influenced the evolution and isotope fractionation of the atmospheres and water inventories of the terrestrial planets and Saturn's large satellite Titan efficiently.",
author = "Helmut Lammer and Kasting, {James F.} and Eric Chassefi{\`e}re and Johnson, {Robert E.} and Kulikov, {Yuri N.} and Feng Tian",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements Helmut Lammer, James F. Kasting, Eric Chassefi{\`e}re and Yuri N. Kulikov thank the Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft as this research has been supported by the Helmholtz Association through the research alliance “Planetary Evolution and Life”. Yu. Kulikov and H. Lammer acknowledge also support by the Austrian Academy of Sciences, “Verwaltungsstelle f{\"u}r Auslandsbeziehungen”, by the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), for supporting working visits to the PGI/RAS in Murmansk, Russian Federation. H. Lammer and Yu. N. Kulikov also acknowledge the International Space Science Institute (ISSI; Bern, Switzerland) and the ISSI team “Evolution of Exoplanet Atmospheres and their Characterization”. R.E Johnson acknowledges the support of NASA{\textquoteright}s Planetary Atmospheres Program.",
year = "2008",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1007/s11214-008-9413-5",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "139",
pages = "399--436",
journal = "Space Science Reviews",
issn = "0038-6308",
publisher = "Springer Netherlands",
number = "1-4",
}