Automating the Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage: A computational framework for reconfiguring historic masonry buildings

Adaptive reuse is a challenging problem that combines spatial, structural, and architectural requirements, along with current restrictions in design, enhanced in buildings with heritage value. In this scenario, generative design techniques allow for exploring different arrangements for a pre-defined problem, assisting professionals during complex design tasks. Therefore, this work explores the potential of Shape Grammars in generating solutions for the adaptive reuse of Sobrado buildings, the prevalent typology in the historic center of São Luís. This paper focuses on the computational implementation of the transformation rules using rhino script syntax and python. The methodology proposes a framework for adapting buildings into multi-family apartments, considering existing spatial and structural requirements. It investigates the allocation of three apartment types in the floor plan: studios, one-bedroom, and two-bedroom apartments. The adopted strategy for the distribution of internal spaces considers existing elements, such as windows and balconies, allowing to benefit from the natural daylighting characteristics of the buildings, following the original projects during the XVIII and XIX centuries. An interactive approach is implemented to explore the potential of generating diverse spatial arrangements during the adaptive reuse process.