@article{8f2b398d64d44be0913bd47738d8c261,
title = "Avian oncogenesis induced by lymphoproliferative disease virus: A neglected or emerging retroviral pathogen?",
abstract = "Lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV) is an exogenous oncogenic retrovirus that induces lymphoid tumors in some galliform species of birds. Historically, outbreaks of LPDV have been reported from Europe and Israel. Although the virus has previously never been detected in North America, herein we describe the widespread distribution, genetic diversity, pathogenesis, and evolution of LPDV in the United States. Characterization of the provirus genome of the index LPDV case from North America demonstrated an 88% nucleotide identity to the Israeli prototype strain. Although phylogenetic analysis indicated that the majority of viruses fell into a single North American lineage, a small subset of viruses from South Carolina were most closely related to the Israeli prototype. These results suggest that LPDV was transferred between continents to initiate outbreaks of disease. However, the direction (New World to Old World or vice versa), mechanism, and time frame of the transcontinental spread currently remain unknown.",
author = "Allison, {Andrew B.} and {Kevin Keel}, M. and Philips, {Jamie E.} and Cartoceti, {Andrew N.} and Munk, {Brandon A.} and Nemeth, {Nicole M.} and Welsh, {Trista I.} and Thomas, {Jesse M.} and Crum, {James M.} and Lichtenwalner, {Anne B.} and Fadly, {Aly M.} and Guillermo Zavala and Holmes, {Edward C.} and Brown, {Justin D.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank John Bryan, Elizabeth Bunting, Steven Kubiski, Joe Okoniewski, and Mark Ruder for diagnostic and field support, as well as other field biologists and veterinarians affiliated with the natural resource agency of each state for collection and submission of birds. Funding for this research was provided by Pittman-Robertson Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration, the Arcadia Wildlife Preserve, Inc. , and through the continued sponsorship of the SCWDS by member states and federal agencies. E.C.H. is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Australia Fellowship . Funding was additionally provided by a NRSA fellowship ( F32AI100545 ) to A.B.A. from the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health . ",
year = "2014",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1016/j.virol.2013.11.037",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "450-451",
pages = "2--12",
journal = "Virology",
issn = "0042-6822",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
}