Avoiding postoperative malposition of upper body tunneled central venous catheters in children: Evaluating technique and depth of placement

Background Suboptimal position of tunneled central venous catheters (Broviacs) decreases long-term catheter longevity, incurring morbidity and cost. We postulated that catheter malposition is related to patient's age, technique used, and initial catheter tip location (CTL). Methods We performed a retrospective review with 1-year follow-up of Broviacs placed in patients at our children's hospital from 3/2010 to 10/2013. We defined malposition as a noncentral CTL that required replacement, excluding catheters physically dislodged. We used logistic regression to determine whether age, technique and CTL predicted malposition with p-value < 0.05 deemed significant. We analyzed line longevity for different insertion techniques by survival analysis. Results Overall, 404 upper body Broviacs were placed in 282 children (median age = 1.4 years [IQR:0.45–5.35]). Thirty-six (8.9%) were replaced for malposition, at median of 84.5 days [IQR:36–159]. We found that older children were less likely to develop malposition (OR = 0.91,p = 0.002). Adjusting for patient age and placement technique, catheters placed ≥ 1.5 vertebral bodies below the carina were less likely to be malpositioned (OR = 0.37,p = 0.015). Cox-regression shows the lateral technique to have the lowest rate of malposition within 90 days (HR = 0.30,p = 0.03). Conclusion Older patients and lines placed 1.5 vertebral bodies below the carina are less likely to become malpositioned. Using the lateral approach for insertion improves catheter longevity.