TY - JOUR
T1 - Bacterial Mg2+ homeostasis, transport, and virulence
AU - Groisman, Eduardo A.
AU - Hollands, Kerry
AU - Kriner, Michelle A.
AU - Lee, Eun Jin
AU - Park, Sun Yang
AU - Pontes, Mauricio H.
PY - 2013/11
Y1 - 2013/11
N2 - Organisms must maintain physiological levels of Mg2+ because this divalent cation is critical for the stabilization of membranes and ribosomes, for the neutralization of nucleic acids, and as a cofactor in a variety of enzymatic reactions. In this review, we describe the mechanisms that bacteria utilize to sense the levels of Mg2+ both outside and inside the cytoplasm. We examine how bacteria achieve Mg2+ homeostasis by adjusting the expression and activity of Mg2+ transporters and by changing the composition of their cell envelope. We discuss the connections that exist between Mg2+ sensing, Mg2+ transport, and bacterial virulence. Additionally, we explore the logic behind the fact that bacterial genomes encode multiple Mg2+ transporters and distinct sensing systems for cytoplasmic and extracytoplasmic Mg2+. These analyses may be applicable to the homeostatic control of other cations.
AB - Organisms must maintain physiological levels of Mg2+ because this divalent cation is critical for the stabilization of membranes and ribosomes, for the neutralization of nucleic acids, and as a cofactor in a variety of enzymatic reactions. In this review, we describe the mechanisms that bacteria utilize to sense the levels of Mg2+ both outside and inside the cytoplasm. We examine how bacteria achieve Mg2+ homeostasis by adjusting the expression and activity of Mg2+ transporters and by changing the composition of their cell envelope. We discuss the connections that exist between Mg2+ sensing, Mg2+ transport, and bacterial virulence. Additionally, we explore the logic behind the fact that bacterial genomes encode multiple Mg2+ transporters and distinct sensing systems for cytoplasmic and extracytoplasmic Mg2+. These analyses may be applicable to the homeostatic control of other cations.
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U2 - 10.1146/annurev-genet-051313-051025
DO - 10.1146/annurev-genet-051313-051025
M3 - Review article
C2 - 24079267
AN - SCOPUS:84888616330
SN - 0066-4197
VL - 47
SP - 625
EP - 646
JO - Annual review of genetics
JF - Annual review of genetics
ER -