BaTiO₃-based composites provide new opportunities enabled by the cold sintering process

This paper reviews the synthesis of BaTiO₃-based ceramic and composites through the cold sintering process. Cold sintering is a densification process that works with a low-temperature mechanism known as pressure solution creep. This provides several opportunities to fabricate BaTiO₃ into new composite structures that could provide important advanced dielectric properties. Here we revisit the challenges of densifying a material such as BaTiO₃ that has incongruent dissolution. We consider the issues of surface chemistry, selection of transient flux, core-shell designs in BaTiO₃, co-sintering with polymers in the grain boundaries and the technical challenges associated with incorporating all these ideas into tape casting steps for future fabrication of multilayer device structures.