Be Present Now, Sleep Well Later: Mindfulness Promotes Sleep Health via Emotion Regulation

Objective: Despite the popularity of mindfulness in research and interventions, information is missing about how and why mindfulness may benefit employee sleep health. Drawing from emotion regulation theory, we evaluate affective rumination, negative affect, and positive affect as potential mechanisms. We also explore differential effects of trait and state attentional mindfulness on both subjective (e.g., quality and sufficiency) and actigraphy-measured aspects (e.g., duration and wake after sleep onset) of sleep health. Method: Ecological momentary assessment and sleep actigraphy datawere collected across two independent samples of health care workers (N1 =60, N2= 84). Ecological momentary assessment was also used to collect daily information on state mindfulness, affect, and rumination. Results: Our results support rumination and, to a less consistent extent, negative affect as mediators of the association between mindfulness and sleep health but not positive affect. Trait and state mindfulness demonstrate comparable benefits for employee sleep health, but these benefits largely emerge for subjective sleep dimensions than actigraphy-measured. Conclusions: These findings support emotion regulation as a sound theoretical framework for sleep and mindfulness research and may support more informed workplace mindfulness interventions.