Abstract
An homologous series of polyethylene-oxide surfactants, with either octylphenol or polypropylene oxide 'head' groups, were applied to commercial cellulose acetate blend (CA) and polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The pressure-normalized permeate flow (NPF) and salt rejection were evaluated before and after fouling with a vegetable protein broth. Surface changes were characterized using atomic force microscopy and electro-kinetic analysis. The transport results from both the swatch and element testing were used in a simple economic model to assess operating costs. Results indicate that cost savings are possible based on the changes in NPF and salt rejection.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 15-32 |
Number of pages | 18 |
Journal | Desalination |
Volume | 115 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Mar 1998 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- General Chemistry
- General Chemical Engineering
- General Materials Science
- Water Science and Technology
- Mechanical Engineering