Beneficial effect of dexamethasone on the "no reflow" phenomenon in canine myocardium

Summary: The purpose of the present study was to determine if pretreatment with dexamethasone 6 mg·kg^-1 would preserve coronary artery blood flow during reperfusion, thus preventing the no reflow phenomenon. Blood flow to small segments of the left ventricle was measured by the use of 15 μm tracer microspheres in intact dog hearts. During 2 hours of occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery by balloon catheter, dexamethasone produced a small increase of the blood flow to perfused myocardium, when compared with untreated animals; this effect was not seen in underperfused segments of the myocardium. In nontreated animals, reperfusion of the underperfused portion of the left ventricle did not lead to a restoration of flow to normal when measured 1 hour later. In fact, the "no reflow "phenomenon resulted in a post reperfusion left ventricular segment which was similar to that measured during coronary arterial occlusion. However in the dexamethasone treated animals there was a decrease in the extent of left ventricular underperfusion from 19 to 6%. It is concluded that dexamethasone protects the border zone of canine myocardium during occlusion, and prevents the no reflow phenomenon in underperfused regions during reperfusion.