Biomarkers for Terrestrial Plants and Climate

Long-chain n-alkyl compounds are major components of epicuticular waxes from the leaves of vascular plants. These compounds include n-alkanes, n-alkanols, n-alkanoic acids, and wax esters and are associated with cuticle, a multilayered structure on the exterior of leaves and fruits. Cuticle has multiple functions that include a primary role protecting against moisture loss. It also provides exterior strength and stiffness and these properties can vary with composition and environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity.