Biosynthesis, localisation, and function of pectins in plants

Pectins constitute a group of charged matrix polysaccharides, which are made by plants and are applied across a wide range of industries. Pectins are deeply conserved wall components in plants and constitute a group of charged matrix polysaccharides. They are synthesised in the Golgi apparatus through the activities of many glycosyltransferases and are secreted to the apoplast. The complex modifications, dynamic patterning, and localised distributions of different types of pectins can strengthen the cell wall or promote wall flexibility. The multifunctionality of pectins makes them challenging but also intriguing subjects of study. In plants, pectins modulate cell growth and cell dynamics, facilitate cell adhesion and separation, and regulate cell shape. The dynamics, modifications, and interactions of pectins at the molecular and cellular levels underpin their essential roles during plant development and stress responses.