Abstract
The shovel is a basic tool that has undergone only nominal systematic design changes. Although previous studies found shovel-weight and blade-size effects of shovelling, the exact trade-off between the two has not been quantified. Energy expenditure, heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion and shovelling performance were measured on five subjects using five shovels with varying blade sizes and weights to move sand. Energy expenditure, normalised to subject weight and load handled, varied quadratically with the blade-size/shovel-weight (B/W) ratio. Minimum energy cost was at B/W = 0·0676 m2/kg, which for an average subject and average load would require an acceptable 5·16 kcal/min of energy expenditure. Subjects, throough the ratings of perceived exertion, also strongly preferred the lighter shovels without regard to blade size. Too large a blade or too heavy a shovel increased energy expenditure beyond acceptable levels, while too small a blade reduced efficiency of the shovelling.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 39-42 |
Number of pages | 4 |
Journal | Applied Ergonomics |
Volume | 21 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 1 1990 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Human Factors and Ergonomics
- Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation