TY - JOUR
T1 - Blood iron, glutathione, and micronutrient levels and the risk of oral cancer
AU - Richie, John P.
AU - Kleinman, Wayne
AU - Marina, Patricia
AU - Abraham, Patricia
AU - Wynder, Ernst L.
AU - Muscat, Joshua E.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by National Institute of Health Grants DE09514, CA68384, and K07 CA104231. We thank Dr Elliot Strong, former Chief of the Head and Neck Service at MSKCC for his assistance in recruiting and enrolling patients.
PY - 2008/7
Y1 - 2008/7
N2 - The risk of oral cavity cancer was determined in relation to serological levels of iron; vitamins A, B2, C, E; zinc; thiamin; and glutathione (GSH). The study included 65 hospitalized patients with oral cancer and 85 matched controls. In comparing the highest to the lowest tertiles, the risk was odds ratio (OR) = 0.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.1-0.6] for iron; 3.2 (95% CI = 1.3-8.1) for total iron binding capacity (TIBC), which measures the concentration of the iron delivery protein transferrin; and 0.4 (95% CI = 0.2-0.9) for transferrin saturation (iron/TIBC × 100). These associations were stronger in never smokers than in ever smokers. The risk associated with the iron storage protein ferritin was significantly elevated, but this association could reflect disease-related inflammation or comorbidity. The OR for GSH was 0.4 (95% CI = 0.1-0.9), and the OR for GSH reductase activity coefficient (indicative of riboflavin deficiency) was 1.6 (95% CI = 1.3-3.7). These findings suggest that mild iron deficiency and low GSH levels, which are associated with increased oxidative stress, increase the risk of oral cavity cancer.
AB - The risk of oral cavity cancer was determined in relation to serological levels of iron; vitamins A, B2, C, E; zinc; thiamin; and glutathione (GSH). The study included 65 hospitalized patients with oral cancer and 85 matched controls. In comparing the highest to the lowest tertiles, the risk was odds ratio (OR) = 0.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.1-0.6] for iron; 3.2 (95% CI = 1.3-8.1) for total iron binding capacity (TIBC), which measures the concentration of the iron delivery protein transferrin; and 0.4 (95% CI = 0.2-0.9) for transferrin saturation (iron/TIBC × 100). These associations were stronger in never smokers than in ever smokers. The risk associated with the iron storage protein ferritin was significantly elevated, but this association could reflect disease-related inflammation or comorbidity. The OR for GSH was 0.4 (95% CI = 0.1-0.9), and the OR for GSH reductase activity coefficient (indicative of riboflavin deficiency) was 1.6 (95% CI = 1.3-3.7). These findings suggest that mild iron deficiency and low GSH levels, which are associated with increased oxidative stress, increase the risk of oral cavity cancer.
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U2 - 10.1080/01635580801956477
DO - 10.1080/01635580801956477
M3 - Article
C2 - 18584481
AN - SCOPUS:46349103750
SN - 0163-5581
VL - 60
SP - 474
EP - 482
JO - Nutrition and cancer
JF - Nutrition and cancer
IS - 4
ER -
